Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione In this portrait by Raphael, the most sought-after portrait painter of the Renaissance, Castiglione is shown dressed exactly as he advised courtiers to dress, in elegant but subdued clothing that would enhance the splendor of the court, but never outshine the ruler.

(By Raphael [Raffaello Sanzio of Urbino] [1483–1520]/Art Media/ Print Collector/Getty Images)