The Family of Henry Chorley, Haberdasher of Preston, ca. 1680 This painting celebrates the Puritan family values of order, discipline, and self-restraint. The wife is surrounded by her young children, emphasizing her motherly duties, while her husband is flanked by their grown sons. Nevertheless, the woman’s expression suggests she is a strong-minded partner to her husband, not meekly subservient. The couple probably worked side by side in the family business of selling men’s clothing and accessories.

(Oil on canvas/Harris Museum and Art Gallery, Preston, Lancashire, UK/Bridgeman Images)