Francisco Goya, The Third of May 1808 Spanish master Francisco Goya created a passionate and moving indictment of the brutality of war in this painting from 1814, which depicts the close-range execution of Spanish rebels by Napoleon’s forces in May 1808. Goya’s painting evoked the bitterness and despair of many Europeans who suffered through Napoleon’s invasions.

(Prado, Madrid, Spain/Bridgeman Images)