Correct. The answer is c. Lodge was confident that a literacy test for entry into the United States would “bear most heavily upon the Italians, Russians, Poles, Hungarians, Greeks, and Asiatics, and very lightly, or not at all, upon English-speaking emigrants, or Germans, Scandinavians, and French.”

Incorrect. The answer is c. Lodge was confident that a literacy test for entry into the United States would “bear most heavily upon the Italians, Russians, Poles, Hungarians, Greeks, and Asiatics, and very lightly, or not at all, upon English-speaking emigrants, or Germans, Scandinavians, and French.”

1. How did Lodge propose to limit migration to the United States from southern and eastern Europe?

Correct. The answer is a. Lodge saw immigrants from southern and eastern Europe as a threat to the “English-speaking race,” warning that if a “lower race mixes with a higher in sufficient numbers, history teaches us that the lower race will prevail.”

Incorrect. The answer is a. Lodge saw immigrants from southern and eastern Europe as a threat to the “English-speaking race,” warning that if a “lower race mixes with a higher in sufficient numbers, history teaches us that the lower race will prevail.”

2. Which of these assumptions was at the heart of Lodge’s argument for restricting immigration?