| 107 B.C.E. | Marius, with the aid of Sulla, defeats Jugurtha |
| 104–100 B.C.E. | Marius, backed by populares, is elected consul |
| 90 B.C.E. | Social War |
| 88 B.C.E. | Sulla, backed by optimates, is elected consul |
| 86 B.C.E. | Marius leads his own troops into Rome, killing Sulla’s supporters and seizing consulship |
| 81 B.C.E. | Sulla is elected dictator |
| 79 B.C.E. | Sulla abdicates |
| 73–71 B.C.E. | Spartacus leads major slave revolt |
| 70 B.C.E. | Pompey and Crassus are elected consuls |
| 60 B.C.E. | Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar form the First Triumvirate; Caesar is elected consul |
| 49 B.C.E. | Caesar crosses the Rubicon and takes Rome |
| 48 B.C.E. | Caesar defeats Pompey at the Battle of Pharsalus |
| 44 B.C.E. | Caesar is killed by a group of senators |