THEME ABBREVIATIONS
| INT | Interaction of Europe and the World |
| PP | Poverty and Prosperity |
| OS | Objective Knowledge and Subjective Visions |
| SP | States and Other Institutions of Power |
| IS | Individual and Society |
How did the “total wars” of World Wars I and II and the Cold War reshape European political and economic structures and those in the colonial and then postcolonial world? (INT, SP, IS)
What role did political ideology play in the conflicts of the twentieth century, and how did this role change across the century? (INT, PP, OS, SP, IS)
What made modern art and intellectual thought “modern,” and what role did science and technology play in these? (INT, PP, OS, SP, IS)
How were the social transformations after the world wars in class structures, patterns of consumption and migration, and the lives of women and young people related to the broad political and economic changes that followed the wars? (INT, PP, OS, SP, IS)
How are the challenges that confront Europeans in the twenty-