Uncle Sam as Schoolmaster In this cartoon that first appeared on the cover of Harper’s Weekly in August 1898, unruly students identified as a “Cuban Ex-patriot” and a “Guerilla” are being disciplined with a switch by a stern Uncle Sam as he tries to teach them self-government. The gentleman to the left reading a book is José Miguel Gómez, one of Cuba’s revolutionary heroes, while the Filipino insurrectionist Emilio Aguinaldo is made to wear a dunce cap and stand in the corner. The two well-behaved girls to the right represent Hawaii and Puerto Rico. (The Granger Collection, NYC — All rights reserved.)