A closer look at the Iceman’s ax reveals the high level of craftsmanship that went into its construction. Production of the ax’s copper blade required significant metallurgical skills. The ax shaft was carved and shaped to set the blade at a precise angle. A durable leather cord held the blade securely in place. Each of these components (blade, shaft, and cord) required knowledge and experience to produce. In addition, acquiring the blade may have required trade connections with other Neolithic communities who supplied finished blades or the raw materials to make them. Whether or not the blade was made within the Iceman’s community, it seems improbable that the Iceman made the ax entirely on his own. More likely, it took the combined skills of a number of individuals to produce. As you examine the ax, think about the materials and skills needed to create such a sophisticated and valuable piece of technology. How did the society capable of producing such a tool differ from the Paleolithic societies that preceded it?

Questions to Consider