Correct: The answer is b. Portuguese merchants supplied the king’s vassals with all they needed, weakening their dependence on the king.

Incorrect: The answer is b. Portuguese merchants supplied the king’s vassals with all they needed, weakening their dependence on the king.

1. Which of these did King Nzinga Mbemba see as a consequence of Portuguese policies?

Correct: The answer is c. King Nzinga Mbemba wanted the Portuguese to change their policies, but his pleas revealed the fact that he had no leverage with which to make them do so.

Incorrect: The answer is c. King Nzinga Mbemba wanted the Portuguese to change their policies, but his pleas revealed the fact that he had no leverage with which to make them do so.

2. Which of these best characterizes King Nzinga Mbemba’s letter to the king of Portugal?

Correct: The answer is b. The Dutch had to work with African elites and could not begin to trade on their own until they had purchased slaves from the king.

Incorrect: The answer is b. The Dutch had to work with African elites and could not begin to trade on their own until they had purchased slaves from the king.

3. Bosman’s account of the slave trade at Fida reveals which of the following?

Correct: The answer is d. Most slaves were prisoners of war. Thus, warfare fueled the slave trade, and the slave trade fueled warfare.

Incorrect: The answer is d. Most slaves were prisoners of war. Thus, warfare fueled the slave trade, and the slave trade fueled warfare.

4. According to Bosman, how did most of the people the Dutch purchased become slaves?

Correct: The answer is d. As soon as the Dutch had agreed to purchase a given slave, he or she was branded with a “burning iron.”

Incorrect: The answer is d. As soon as the Dutch had agreed to purchase a given slave, he or she was branded with a “burning iron.”

5. What did the Dutch do to distinguish the slaves they had purchased from those purchased by other buyers?