Document 28.4: Red Cross or Iron Cross? ca. 1914–1918

This poster, created by the British government, took still another approach. Here, the ideal of British womanhood is suggested through the depiction of its implied opposite, a cruel German nurse. With German officers looking on approvingly, an older, unattractive woman is shown deliberately increasing the suffering of a wounded soldier. Thus the image highlighted the immorality of the enemy, at the same time that it encouraged viewers to imagine themselves demonstrating British superiority through gentle, compassionate nursing.

image
(World War I propaganda poster (color litho), David Wilson [1873–1935]/Private Collection/The Bridgeman Art Library)

Questions to Consider

  1. What qualities did the artist associate with German women? What qualities did he or she imply were characteristic of British women?
  2. Which of the four posters you’ve examined do you think might have been most effective? Why?