| 2800–2000 B.C.E. |
Height of Harappan civilization |
| ca. 1500–500 B.C.E. |
Vedic Age; flourishing of Aryan civilization; Rig Veda |
| ca. 1000 B.C.E. |
Introduction of iron |
| 750–500 B.C.E. |
Upanishads |
| ca. 513 B.C.E. |
Persians conquer the Indus Valley and Kashmir |
| ca. 500 B.C.E. |
Founding of Buddhism and Jainism |
| ca. 400 B.C.E.–200C.E. |
Gradual evolution of the Brahmanic religion into Hinduism |
| 326 B.C.E. |
Alexander the Great enters Indus Valley |
| ca. 322–185 B.C.E. |
Mauryan Empire |
| ca. 300 B.C.E. |
Jain religion splits into two sects |
| ca. 269–232 B.C.E. |
Reign of Ashoka |
| ca. 150 B.C.E.–250 C.E. |
Classical period of Tamil culture |
| ca. 100 C.E. |
More inclusive Mahayana form of Buddhism emerges |
| ca. 200 C.E. |
Code of Manu |