| ca. 1500–1650 | 1660 |
| Consolidation of serfdom in eastern Europe | Restoration of English monarchy under Charles II |
| 1533–1584 | 1665–1683 |
| Reign of Ivan the Terrible in Russia | Jean-Baptiste Colbert applies mercantilism to France |
| 1589–1610 | 1670–1671 |
| Reign of Henry IV in France | Cossack revolt led by Stenka Razin |
| 1598–1613 | 1682 |
| Time of Troubles in Russia | Louis XIV moves court to Versailles |
| 1612–1697 | 1682–1725 |
| Caribbean islands colonized by France, England, and the Netherlands | Reign of Peter the Great in Russia |
| ca. 1620–1740 | 1683–1718 |
| Growth of absolutism in Austria and Prussia | Habsburgs push the Ottoman Turks from Hungary |
| 1642–1649 | 1685 |
| English civil war, ending with the execution of Charles I | Edict of Nantes revoked |
| 1643–1715 | 1688–1689 |
| Reign of Louis XIV in France | Glorious Revolution in England |
| 1651 | 1701–1713 |
| First of the Navigation Acts | War of the Spanish Succession |
| 1653–1658 |
| Oliver Cromwell’s military rule in England (the Protectorate) |