Understanding World Societies:
Printed Page 710

Chapter Chronology

Introduction for Chapter 24

24 IDEOLOGIES OF CHANGE IN EUROPE 1815–1914

> What role did social conflict play in nineteenth-century European politics? Chapter 25 examines political and ideological conflict in nineteenth-century Europe. After 1815 the powers that defeated Napoleon united under a revived conservatism to stamp out the spread of liberal and democratic reforms. In response, powerful ideologies — liberalism, nationalism, and socialism — emerged to oppose conservatism. All played critical roles in the great popular upheaval that eventually swept across Europe in the revolutions of 1848. These revolutions failed, however, and gave way to more sober — and more successful — nation building in the 1860s. European political leaders and middle-class nationalists also began to deal effectively with the challenges of the emerging urban society. One way they did so was through nationalism — mass identification with a nation-state that was increasingly responsive to the needs of its people.

image
Christabel Pankhurst, Militant Suffragette Christabel Pankhurst led the British Women’s Social and Political Union, whose motto was “deeds, not words.” This photo was taken in 1912 in Paris, where Pankhurst was living to avoid arrest for her increasingly violent actions to obtain the vote for women, including bombing the home of the future prime minister. Women in Britain and many other countries gained the right to vote in the years immediately after World War I. (© Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis)

After reading the chapter, use LearningCurve to retain what you’ve read.

> CHRONOLOGY

ca. 1790s–1840s 1861
Romantic movement in literature and the arts Freeing of Russian serfs
1814–1815 1866–1871
Congress of Vienna Unification of Germany
1832 1873
Reform Bill in Britain Stock market crash spurs renewed anti-Semitism in central and eastern Europe
ca. 1840s–1890s 1883
Realism is dominant in Western literature First social security laws to help workers in Germany
1845–1851 1889–1914
Great Famine in Ireland Second Socialist International
1848 1890–1900
Revolutions in France, Austria, and Prussia; Marx and Engels, The Communist Manifesto; first public health law in Britain Massive industrialization surge in Russia
1854 1904–1905
Pasteur studies fermentation and develops pasteurization Russo-Japanese War
1854–1870 1905
Development of germ theory Revolution in Russia
1859 1906–1914
Darwin, On the Origin of Species by the Means of Natural Selection Social reform in Britain
1859–1870
Unification of Italy