Chapter 19. New Chapter Title

19.1 Section Title

1However, as P.W. Singer explains in his book Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry, when the Cold War ended in 1991, the Department of Defense began closing bases and dissolving or combining units, setting the state for the large-scale outsourcing of military operations.1 [Note: 1. Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003), 15–16.]

2Jonathan Euchner, professor of political science at Missouri Western State University, explained that the shift to Private Military Corporations (PMCs) must be seen in the context of the overall privatization movement within the U.S. government that began in 1978 under President Jimmy Carter and gained momentum during the 1980s and 1990s. [Note: Jonathan Euchner, personal interview, September 25, 2010.]

3In the early 2000s, the new secretary of defense Donald Rumsfeld would codify this concept, which became known as the Rumsfeld Doctrine.3 [Note: 3. Jeremy Scahill, Blackwater: The rise of the world’s most powerful mercenary army, 2nd ed. (New York: Nation Books, 2007), 49–51.]

4The Congressional Budget Office estimated that the Department of Defense spent $76 billion on contractors between 2003 and 2007.4 [Note: 4. Moshe Schwartz, July 2, 2010, 18.]

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