292

Answer the following questions for each chapter section and then answer the Central Question.

Ecosystems, our economic systems, and our very bodies run on energy of one form or another. We are now at a point in history when inexpensive, readily available fossil fuels are approaching peak production. Meanwhile, demand for energy is on the rise. The future of humanity and the biosphere literally depends on how we manage the remaining fossil fuels and transition to sustainable energy sources.

□Stay informed.

One way that each of us can help foster more sustainable use of these resources is by keeping informed and using whatever influences each of us has to address these challenges. Stay informed regarding rapid developments in the fossil fuel industry, especially in regard to estimates of the sizes of energy reserves and rates of consumption of nonrenewable fossil fuel resources around the world. Pay close attention to issues associated with the development of unconventional sources of oil such as oil sands and tight oil. Stay abreast of developments in renewable biofuels, which will be critical substitutes for crude oil.

□Get involved.

Explore local, regional, and national energy developments. Try to constructively influence the direction of those developments, either individually or collectively, through organizations that represent your perspective, whatever it may be. Use your knowledge to help others who may be interested to understand developments and issues regarding energy technology and use. As an environmental science student, you will have developed a basis for navigating these complex subjects.

□Consume energy wisely.

We are all, by necessity, consumers of energy. As such, we can affect the consumption of energy in many ways, from the kinds of energy-consuming devices we purchase to how we control the temperature in our homes and workplace. Residential and commercial buildings are collectively the largest consumers of energy in the United States. For lighting, choose bulbs that use less energy, such as compact fluorescent lights. If you have access and your health permits, set the thermostats in the place where you live or work to conserve energy, meaning a few degrees lower in winter and higher in summer.

□Make energy-wise transportation choices.

Our transportation choices can also make a significant difference. If you can do so securely, walk or bicycle to school or work. If you can’t, take a bus or train. If you must drive, try to carpool. All these alternatives can save money as well as energy. If you purchase a motor vehicle, consider models that are both safe and fuel-efficient. While governmental mandates affect the fuel efficiency of vehicles produced by manufacturers, our choices as consumers can also exert significant influence on manufacturing.