The evolution of angiosperms transformed life on land. The total number of plant species increased significantly as angiosperms diversified. Some non-angiosperm plant groups thrived as they expanded into new niches created by angiosperms, while others declined as many of their species went extinct. Terrestrial ecosystems became more productive as the more efficient angiosperm xylem allowed higher rates of photosynthesis. As a result, more food became available for insects, birds, and mammals. All of these animal groups diversified along with the flowering plants.