REVIEW | The Story of Psychology |
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
RETRIEVAL PRACTICE Take a moment to answer each of these Learning Objective Questions (repeated here from within this section). Then click the 'show answer' button to check your answers. Research suggests that trying to answer these questions on your own will improve your long-
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Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychological laboratory in 1879 in Germany. Two early schools were structuralism and functionalism.
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Early researchers defined psychology as “the science of mental life.” In the 1920s, under the influence of John B. Watson and the behaviorists, the field’s focus changed to the “scientific study of observable behavior.” In the 1960s, the humanistic psychologists and the cognitive psychologists revived interest in the study of mental processes. Psychology is now defined as the science of behavior and mental processes.
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Our growing understanding of biology and experience has fed psychology’s most enduring debate. The nature–nurture issue centers on the relative contributions of genes and experience, and their interaction in specific environments. Charles Darwin’s view that natural selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies led to evolutionary psychology’s study of our similarities because of our common biology and evolutionary history, and behavior genetics’ focus on the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.
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Psychology’s traditional focus on understanding and treating troubles has expanded with positive psychology’s call for more research on human flourishing and its attempt to discover and promote traits that help people to thrive.
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The biopsychosocial approach integrates information from three differing but complementary levels of analysis: the biological, psychological, and social-
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Within the science of psychology, researchers may conduct basic research to increase the field’s knowledge base (often in biological, developmental, cognitive, personality, and social psychology) or applied research to solve practical problems (in industrial-
Those who engage in psychology as a helping profession may assist people as counseling psychologists, helping people with problems in living or achieving greater well-
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The testing effect shows that learning and memory are enhanced by actively retrieving, rather than simply rereading, previously studied material. The SQ3R study method—
TERMS AND CONCEPTS TO REMEMBER
RETRIEVAL PRACTICE Match each of the terms on the left with its definition on the right. Click on the term first and then click on the matching definition. As you match them correctly they will move to the bottom of the activity.
Use to create your personalized study plan, which will direct you to the resources that will help you most in .
TEST
YOUR-
SELF THE STORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
Test yourself repeatedly throughout your studies. This will not only help you figure out what you know and don’t know; the testing itself will help you learn and remember the information more effectively thanks to the testing effect.
What Is Psychology?
1. In 1879, in psychology’s first experiment, Z0S3fL95ujP46uw4TEFSDl6siJ4= and his students measured the time lag between hearing a ball hit a platform and pressing a key.
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7. A mental health professional with a medical degree who can prescribe medication is a t2MfjXSfPk/f+J4BZNwWb5mj+8w= .