Part 8: TEST YOURSELF

TEST
YOUR-
SELF LEARNING

Test yourself repeatedly throughout your studies. This will not only help you figure out what you know and don’t know; the testing itself will help you learn and remember the information more effectively thanks to the testing effect.

Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning

Question

1. Learning is defined as “the process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring uoZVGt17PaLKQIiGzHDZUg== or xmc4JgIX4v1fDEqHQQxhjA== .”

Question

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Correct!

Question

3. In Pavlov’s experiments, the tone started as a neutral stimulus, and then became a(n) slGpC55vFCkCaknmok3ApA== stimulus.

Question

4. Dogs have been taught to salivate to a circle but not to a square. This process is an example of 8LtQ7XxseuI977wWyoVQBUoTdAQ= .

Question

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3
Correct!

Question

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Answer: A sexual image is a US that triggers a UR of interest or arousal. Before the advertisement pairs a product with a sexual image, the product is an NS. Over time the product can become a CS that triggers the CR of interest or arousal.

Operant Conditioning

Question

7. Thorndike’s law of effect was the basis for nFvcuiBXHJOOpGOwHWF/ciL+lMXpS00ZUAVaEmm11vwu/cOI work on operant conditioning and behavior control.

Question

8. One way to change behavior is to reward natural behaviors in small steps, as the organism gets closer and closer to a desired behavior. This process is called yoQsERrb66p/8T2N .

Question

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3
Correct!

315

Question

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Answer: Your instructor could reinforce your attentive behavior by taking away something you dislike. For example, your instructor could offer to shorten the length of an assigned paper or replace lecture time with an in-class activity. In both cases, the instructor would remove something aversive in order to negatively reinforce your focused attention.

Question

11. Reinforcing a desired response only some of the times it occurs is called 7fvCrtvC6g4eLA3k reinforcement.

Question

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Correct!

Question

13. The partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after unpredictable time periods is a a1S2gMhM1borbKOkTDH5AA== -3DTDQW6wFB1evlnF+ACEEQ== schedule.

Question

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3
Correct!

Biology, Cognition, and Learning

Question

15. Garcia and Koelling’s 7K0FMfiqOzx1JsSI -zzatx3tJQaWiBKBAAq6EtA== studies showed that conditioning can occur even when the unconditioned stimulus (US) does not immediately follow the neutral stimulus (NS).

Question

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Answer: This finding supports Darwin’s principle that natural selection favors traits that aid survival.

Question

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3
Correct!

Question

18. Rats that explored a maze without any reward were later able to run the maze as well as other rats that had received food rewards for running the maze. The rats that had learned without reinforcement demonstrated g3xiQTjMl2pjOMCL uDczQEJ5ALeUCv0VfV059w== .

Question

19. Children learn many social behaviors by imitating parents and other models. This type of learning is called 2nprvgsJ1hCEM4doWKazrlTmMts= uDczQEJ5ALeUCv0VfV059w== .

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20. According to Bandura, we learn by watching models because we experience fWJXUveLj0DB+JoQXpl3QA== reinforcement or fWJXUveLj0DB+JoQXpl3QA== punishment.

Question

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3
Correct!

Question

22. Some scientists believe that the brain has uPlw4J7VMhQcp595 neurons that enable empathy and imitation.

Question

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3
Correct!