Part 10: TEST YOURSELF

TEST
YOUR-
SELF THINKING AND LANGUAGE

Test yourself repeatedly throughout your studies. This will not only help you figure out what you know and don’t know; the testing itself will help you learn and remember the information more effectively thanks to the testing effect.

Thinking

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1. A mental grouping of similar things is called a .

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2. The most systematic procedure for solving a problem is a(n) .

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3. Oscar describes his political beliefs as “strongly liberal,” but he has decided to explore opposing viewpoints. How might he be affected by confirmation bias and belief perseverance in this effort?
Answer: Oscar will need to guard against confirmation bias (searching for support for his own views and ignoring contradictory evidence) as he seeks out opposing viewpoints. Even if Oscar encounters new information that disproves his beliefs, belief perseverance may lead him to cling to these views anyway. It will take more compelling evidence to change his beliefs than it took to create them.

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4. A major obstacle to problem solving is fixation, which is a(n)

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B.
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D.
3
Correct!

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5. Widely reported terrorist attacks, such as on 9/11 in the United States, led some observers to initially assume in 2014 that the missing Malaysian Airlines Flight 370 was probably also the work of terrorists. This assumption illustrates the heuristic.

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6. When consumers respond more positively to ground beef described as “75 percent lean” than to the same product labeled “25 percent fat,” they have been influenced by .

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7. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a creative person?

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Correct!

Language and Thought

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8. Children reach the one-word stage of speech development at about

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3
Correct!

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9. The three basic building blocks of language are , , and .

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10. When young children speak in short phrases using mostly verbs and nouns, this is referred to as   .

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11. According to Chomsky, all languages share a(n) .

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12. Most researchers agree that apes can

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3
Correct!