Module 31 Review

REVIEW The Dynamics of Intelligence

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

RETRIEVAL PRACTICE Take a moment to answer each of these Learning Objective Questions (repeated here from within this section). Then click the 'show answer' button to check your answers. Research suggests that trying to answer these questions on your own will improve your long-term retention (McDaniel et al., 2009).

31-1 How stable are intelligence scores over the life span, and how does aging affect crystallized and fluid intelligence?

Cross-sectional studies (comparing people of different ages) and longitudinal studies (retesting the same group over a period of years) have shown that fluid intelligence declines in older adults, in part because neural processing slows. However, crystallized intelligence tends to increase.
     The stability of intelligence test scores increases with age. At age 4, scores fluctuate somewhat but begin to predict adolescent and adult scores. By early adolescence, scores are very stable and predictive.

31-2 What are the traits of those at the low and high intelligence extremes?

At the low extreme are those with unusually low scores. An intelligence test score of or below 70 is one diagnostic criterion for the diagnosis of intellectual disability; other criteria are limited conceptual, social, and practical skills. One condition included in this category is Down syndrome, a developmental disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
     People at the high-intelligence extreme tend to be healthy and well-adjusted, as well as unusually successful academically. Schools sometimes “track” such children, separating them from students with lower scores. Such programs can become self-fulfilling prophecies as both groups live up to—or down to—others’ perceptions and expectations.

TERMS AND CONCEPTS TO REMEMBER

RETRIEVAL PRACTICE Match each of the terms on the left with its definition on the right. Click on the term first and then click on the matching definition. As you match them correctly they will move to the bottom of the activity.

Question

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

Use to create your personalized study plan, which will direct you to the resources that will help you most in .