Part 13 Test Yourself

TEST
YOUR-
SELF EMOTIONS, STRESS, AND HEALTH

Test yourself repeatedly throughout your studies. This will not only help you figure out what you know and don’t know; the testing itself will help you learn and remember the information more effectively thanks to the testing effect.

Introduction to Emotion

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1. The - theory of emotion maintains that a physiological response happens BEFORE we know what we are feeling.

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2. Assume that after spending an hour on a treadmill, you receive a letter saying that your scholarship request has been approved. The two-factor theory of emotion would predict that your physical arousal will

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3. Zajonc and LeDoux maintain that some emotional reactions occur before we have had the chance to label or interpret them. Lazarus disagreed. These psychologists differ about whether emotional responses occur in the absence of

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4. What does a polygraph measure and why are its results questionable?
Answer: A polygraph measures physiological changes, such as heart rate and perspiration, that are associated with emotions. Its use as a lie detector is controversial because the measure cannot distinguish between emotions with similar physiology (such as anxiety and guilt).

Expressing Emotion

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5. When people are induced to assume fearful expressions, they often report feeling a little fear. This result is known as the  effect.

Experiencing Emotion

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6. One of the most consistent findings of psychological research is that happy people are also

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7. psychology is a scientific field of study focused on how humans thrive and flourish.

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8. After moving to a new apartment, you find the street noise irritatingly loud, but after a while, it no longer bothers you. This reaction illustrates the

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9. A philosopher observed that we cannot escape envy, because there will always be someone more successful, more accomplished, or richer with whom to compare ourselves. In psychology, this observation is embodied in the principle.

Stress and Illness

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10. Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS) consists of an alarm reaction followed by , then .

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11. When faced with stress, women are more likely than men to experience the -and- response.

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12. The number of short-term illnesses and stress-related psychological disorders was higher than usual in the months following an earthquake. Such findings suggest that

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13. Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of stressors?

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14. Research has shown that people are at increased risk for cancer a year or so after experiencing depression, helplessness, or bereavement. In describing this link, researchers are quick to point out that

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15. A chinese proverb warns, “The fire you kindle for your enemy often burns you more than him.” How is this true of Type A individuals?
Answer: Type A individuals frequently experience negative emotions (anger, depression), during which the sympathetic nervous system diverts blood away from the liver. This leaves fat and cholesterol circulating in the bloodstream for deposit near the heart and other organs, increasing the risk of heart disease and other health problems. Thus, Type A individuals actually harm themselves by directing anger at others.

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16. The components of the Type A personality that have been linked most closely to coronary heart disease are anger and other feelings.

Health and Coping

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17. When faced with a situation over which you feel you have no sense of control, it is most effective to use (emotion/problem)-focused coping.

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18. Seligman’s research showed that a dog will respond with learned helplessness if it has received repeated shocks and has had

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19. When elderly patients take an active part in managing their own care and surroundings, their morale and health tend to improve. Such findings indicate that people do better when they experience an (internal/external) locus of control.

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20. People who have close relationships are less likely to die prematurely than those who do not, supporting the idea that

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21. Because it triggers the release of mood-boosting neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, serotonin, and the endorphins, exercise raises energy levels and helps alleviate depression and anxiety.

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22. Research on the faith factor has found that

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