Part 16: TEST YOURSELF

Page 655

TEST
YOUR-
SELF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS

Test yourself repeatedly throughout your studies. This will not only help you figure out what you know and don’t know; the testing itself will help you learn and remember the information more effectively thanks to the testing effect.

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Question

1. Two disorders are found worldwide. One is schizophrenia, and the other is .

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2. Anna is embarrassed that it takes her several minutes to parallel park her car. She usually gets out of the car once or twice to inspect her distance both from the curb and from the nearby cars. Should she worry about having a psychological disorder?
Answer:
No. Anna’s behavior is unusual, causes her distress, and may make her a few minutes late on occasion, but it does not appear to significantly disrupt her ability to function. Like most of us, Anna demonstrates some unusual behaviors that are not disabling or dysfunctional, and, thus, do not suggest a psychological disorder.

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3. What is susto, and is this a culture-specific or universal psychological disorder?
Answer:
Susto is a condition marked by severe anxiety, restlessness, and fear of black magic. It is culture-specific to Latin America.

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4. A therapist says that psychological disorders are sicknesses and people with these disorders should be treated as patients in a hospital. This therapist believes in the model.

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5. Many psychologists reject the “disorders-as-illness” view and instead contend that other factors may also be involved—for example, the person’s bad habits and poor social skills. This view represents the __________ approach.

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6. Why is the DSM, and the DSM-5 in particular, considered controversial?
Answer:
Critics have expressed concerns about the negative effects of the DSM’s labeling. Recent critics suggest the DSM-5 casts too wide a net on disorders, pathologizing normal behavior.

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7. One predictor of psychiatric disorders that crosses ethnic and gender lines is .

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8. The symptoms of _______ appear around age 10; _______ tend[s] to appear later, around age 25.

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Anxiety Disorders, OCD, and PTSD

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9. Anxiety that takes the form of an irrational and maladaptive fear of a specific object, activity, or situation is called a .

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10. An episode of intense dread, accompanied by trembling, dizziness, chest pains, or choking sensations and by feelings of terror, is called

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11. Marina became consumed with the need to clean the entire house and refused to participate in any other activities. Her family consulted a therapist, who diagnosed her as having - disorder.

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12. The learning perspective proposes that phobias are

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Depressive Disorders and Bipolar Disorder

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13. The “gender gap” in depression refers to the finding that risk of depression is nearly double that of .

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14. Rates of bipolar disorder have risen dramatcally in the twenty-first century, especially among

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15. Treatment for depression often includes drugs that increase supplies of the neurotransmitters and .

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16. Psychologists who emphasize the importance of negative perceptions, beliefs, and thoughts in depression are working within the - perspective.

Schizophrenia

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17. Victor exclaimed, “The weather has been so schizophrenic lately: It’s hot one day and freezing the next!” Is this an accurate comparison? Why or why not?
Answer:
No. Schizophrenia involves the altered perceptions, emotions, and behaviors of a mind split from reality. It does not involve the rapid changes in mood or identity suggested by this comparison.

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18. A person with positive symptoms of schizophrenia is most likely to experience

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19. People with schizophrenia may hear voices urging self-destruction, an example of a(n) .

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20. Chances for recovery from schizophrenia are best when

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Dissociative, Personality, and Eating Disorders

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21. Dissociative identity disorder is controversial because

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22. A personality disorder, such as antisocial personality, is characterized by

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23. PET scans of murderers’ brains have revealed

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Question

24. Which of the following statements is true of bulimia nervosa?

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