Part 3: TEST YOURSELF

TEST
YOUR-
SELF THE BIOLOGY OF MIND

Test yourself repeatedly throughout your studies. This will not only help you figure out what you know and don’t know; the testing itself will help you learn and remember the information more effectively thanks to the testing effect.

Neural and Hormonal Systems

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1. The neuron fiber that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles and glands is the .

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2. The tiny space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another is called the

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3. Regarding a neuron’s response to stimulation, the intensity of the stimulus determines

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4. In a sending neuron, when an action potential reaches an axon terminal, the impulse triggers the release of chemical messengers called .

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5. Endorphins are released in the brain in response to

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6. The autonomic nervous system controls internal functions, such as heart rate and glandular activity. The word autonomic means

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7. The sympathetic nervous system arouses us for action and the parasympathetic nervous system calms us down. Together, the two systems make up the nervous system.

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8. The neurons of the spinal cord are part of the nervous system.

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9. The most influential endocrine gland, known as the master gland, is the

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Page 89

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10. The secrete(s) epinephrine and norepinephrine, helping to arouse the body during times of stress.

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Tools of Discovery and Older Brain Structures

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11. The part of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing is the

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12. The thalamus functions as a

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13. The lower brain structure that governs arousal is the

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14. The part of the brain that coordinates voluntary movement and enables nonverbal learning and memory is the .

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15. Two parts of the limbic system are the amygdala and the

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16. A cat’s ferocious response to electrical brain stimulation would lead you to suppose the electrode had touched the .

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17. The neural structure that most directly regulates eating, drinking, and body temperature is the

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18. The initial reward center discovered by Olds and Milner was located in the .

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The Cerebral Cortex and Our Divided Brain

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19. If a neurosurgeon stimulated your right motor cortex, you would most likely

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20. How do different neural networks communicate with one another to let you respond when a friend greets you at a party?
Answer: The visual cortex is a neural network of sensory neurons connected via interneurons to other neural networks, including auditory networks. This allows you to integrate visual and auditory information to respond when a friend you recognize greets you at a party.

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21. Which of the following body regions has the greatest representation in the somatosensory cortex?

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22. Judging and planning are enabled by the lobes.

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23. What would it be like to talk on the phone if you didn’t have temporal lobe association areas? What would you hear? What would you understand?
Answer: You would hear sounds, but without the temporal lobe association areas you would be unable to make sense of what you were hearing.

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24. The “uncommitted” areas that make up about three-fourths of the cerebral cortex are called .

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25. Plasticity is especially evident in the brains of

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26. An experimenter flashes the word HERON across the visual field of a man whose corpus callosum has been severed. HER is transmitted to his right hemisphere and ON to his left hemisphere. When asked to indicate what he saw, the man says he saw but points to .

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27. Studies of people with split brains and brain scans of those with undivided brains indicate that the left hemisphere excels in

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28. Damage to the brain’s right hemisphere is most likely to reduce a person’s ability to

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