Figure 17-7
Adjusted Standardized Residuals Software calculates an adjusted standardized residual, called adjusted residual by most software packages, for each cell. It is calculated by taking the residual for each cell, calculating the difference between the observed frequency and expected frequency, and dividing by standard error. When an adjusted standardized residual is greater than 2 or less than −2, we typically conclude that the observed frequency is greater than the expected frequency.