Chapter 4 Exercises

Clarifying the Concepts

Question 4.1

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Question 4.2

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Question 4.3

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Question 4.4

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Question 4.5

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Question 4.6

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Question 4.7

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Question 4.8

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Question 4.9

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Question 4.10

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Question 4.11

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Question 4.12

Find the incorrectly used symbol or symbols in each of the following statements or formulas. For each statement or formula, (1) state which symbol(s) is/are used incorrectly, (2) explain why the symbol(s) in the original statement is/are incorrect, and (3) state which symbol(s) should be used.

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  2. cXKuSLCODCVfmn5fYd+KxumqI9Agi7zf+uYiEBRYWIbsZ+dGaEbN+FZGC8uNpO70J0cVbd1Nqx17BxJALyF3rBsvoKqs45nWO8ptTf5ix0Ws1gAAn/WJtWgajRI=
  3. e58Xo/laIC2V1Urte6wngaMAmNtvv4ZN5dpiHJr+wW+OQuPHYXEpW8XjlRPD3ProeEKypzKwrTpKE4E06xbDzBhv60S51OvSMA9wGdaXIFwcEc7n

Question 4.13

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Question 4.14

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Question 4.15

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Question 4.16

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Calculating the Statistics

Question 4.17

Use the following data for this exercise:

15 34 32 46 22 36 34 28 52 28

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  2. 8a5QhJm8+PwHiP3JRW4Qef19E4tRnC/d35FTOz+Qf1FDNJKFcX5/oQdJlscPfCym/tCyJMb688A95Z6gZRZ1Whpo+AuaEMdWLEvzZqNrmaUaVarI5s9DYzj0AxQ8YnZ+rTg1gixH+jWRROR3P8spKdQkj6QoDUrB4Kl28LvrmY42HGebKuIwLBqcDzj3tofn
  3. nG5ajunZxAiQpiThq6illf/5J9jExqjlLOrUyKhTKS/mpAYmDkLI7rfzfes/++gtq8wvBl10VuALqGoSukg52C4/aRqtBvE7wSKbDvJHxaCHOPetEmz792yuwi8=

Question 4.18

Use the following salary data for this exercise:

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  2. 3UCUxW0Y2F4sbea4uihrMpAWznTtIKur8Tw1DlqWtUF0clSoHjEi/104aBtf9UjlsTJh38WLcG4Q6GXYO8QVGrIuek0Q0Cl9PlfsV1kyi+j7bMMcwmT4pJQSWMauQ6LIclM+aA6BdVzhTFy2rSGpvLfeIybz0xm6QyVsymdF1TmPOfx1t7OoBBSULys=
  3. B0PR9+0jazrDFIfBp63YjGHShDM34yfJYv44P6mGKOUWtOx5PN0gWgu4LXpSojai7/sQl4YXn0JqALFtOFqpEtMKILU/DqpbgHE7QLGiB2rxz70pF5P/B6ed8zJTOOaJf/eSyQ==
  4. GXgq6t8OIMCN9Ahj/aQg1NMGjTTFapO4UFCM1ffGgVWIfIyw4ecvuBhMSgpiPf0bjBYYvy12QV9xyBcB9MiXJnady+CT1aJzP+eVmkjJpdCXj7zaA/iUsg==

Question 4.19

The Mount Washington Observatory (MWO) in New Hampshire claims to have the world’s worst weather. Below are some data on the weather extremes recorded at the MWO.

Month Normal Daily Maximum (°F) Normal Daily Minimum (°F) Record Low in °F (Year) Peak Wind Gust in Miles per Hour (Year)
January     14.0     −3.7     −47 (1934)     173 (1985)    
February     14.8     −1.7     −46 (1943)     166 (1972)    
March     21.3     5.9     −38 (1950)     180 (1942)    
April     29.4     16.4     −20 (1995)     231 (1934)    
May     41.6     29.5     −2 (1966)     164 (1945)    
June     50.3     38.5     8 (1945)     136 (1949)    
July     54.1     43.3     24 (2001)     154 (1996)    
August     53.0     42.1     20 (1986)     142 (1954)    
September     46.1     34.6     9 (1992)     174 (1979)    
October     36.4     24.0     −5 (1939)     161 (1943)    
November     27.6     13.6     −20 (1958)     163 (1983)    
December     18.5     1.7     −46 (1933)     178 (1980)    
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  5. b6LMV3MQ9RMSDdHudIXkqDCcoJFq6/UHQNVg67lM99vESMNOz5iuw0IizHDi40Np0FonsJab549Dmqt5sg+aBUFXxEyDKsSMTUaMoUi2xIczMG5VtkyTjieWlbm3vns8HsNqRNdiksIqLxVHuACMTKgL6fqzYvmAMOcwRcUakWI=
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  7. 4MNBEtsM980riTtcbaNkf+uyamrU7vonSXq6iV9bohnHvk5KsTs3K0ZDARALuazibyns6KoHCqK9vZ26D9gF/ZEgfrxKqwbN+1V3VsrUNyIWnmhpsE7anHZoeV9LFg6pnls8jiamwBIsfpdicVJOXFZSBgOzLHDwJLSvsCX7A06cY+dvKh/s/sWpPU30Hkk92TVILQ==

Question 4.20

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Question 4.21

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Question 4.22

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Question 4.23

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Question 4.24

Here are the 2012 U.S. News & World Report data on acceptance rates at the top 70 national universities. These are the percentages of accepted students out of all students who applied.

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  2. Jm6x8jv1KUADmF7JeM5e5hQ7KotIBVKl764RagWDylrvNC41deFg0aObIqpVf09vt8Jtdw==
  3. kWHH5tS//SvCu79UgOwKjajVdBeb+N2qcciW0kT1HsaBe98i64YSzKV3enO5GhN7xj685vMM097+dISl5iTJT13KAoUZrPi9NyHiMuRFcoI=
  4. 5XduD2kfWxH3Gmt9x3FqlvHvYeiOmEMzTARsSM/nOwd4O66hE5egAF2brVzigtrQs1yJ+k5yji635cQcUoH2Vgp1XqE1ClgTUh+DUPC3sQp9nkijeyfhaXQAF1c=

Applying the Concepts

Question 4.25

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Question 4.26

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97

Question 4.27

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Question 4.28

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Question 4.29

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Question 4.30

Measures of central tendency for measures of baseball performance: Here are winning percentages for 11 baseball players for their best 4-year pitching performances:

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  2. Q8uUObuc5RnOr11hChSUj0yE4OYAiioR31qQ0Jq1Rd0xndxX03I0K1UqbznULQFh4rw1cg==
  3. gzORAMURdqsT/PJFLkLInub4jMZrBpxXSiWQPW8Wk6QPAeh21z66dkDpEYkK9d7Pyh5fuK/L+7E15h9sgaOg0S+rL+obVP26jKXUbLVvkqsWG94PVYNVy+KCYyQFT+5PzhK/fWShtCq07b8QONSweecp/8NBYQjqSvzbswVL7b8=

Question 4.31

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Question 4.32

Descriptive statistics in the media: Find an advertisement for an anti-aging product either online or in the print media—the more unbelievable the claims, the better!

  1. gu0Fw2qgKc6yd1rLdt096PHmqmlyfuVscJr+BZzmWckGjwiKHsDXCWtgSScKExPBv1Rp2Sc67cJ1upQ8a1QLYuY/0FJS2ezdzUhPNVZm6Jb4Oqy1
  2. 55YnDFRbwtCRlJfd7ZFHnfvoYffTjgDIi45V7SMGFjVeOAl+H+7zwpFMzXGYJkVwnN3YEv9aTh5Mz6R+3ftyKwkvE5S2y9dVsWOPxYCfhl4MNKk13oD9hLMhAg+fGFnG6ADg+Jo3BU9xYTlvnE41+JTY06JjSRNvPkynHYwvqCU8bvcRa/IMhYJHLUB8Fayfx/DqXheX/3HFiXrCqNp4A8gHmlosEAoAQrPuKfgWDS81xC2W9K15rk5ywtx5hHq0lIxZlfx+4lDVwLdejNPv4OR6vRirt1o2
  3. T9cpbcuuZuf0E1XDoy4WexTH3vkftX9SiBYLZeDOPZmC7PTC3/JaDCDkzuk70rmlVWba6HKeSMLUCiW9KBzlPZHbRxPWLA7etfbg/m/Q5DlApVVdhjAOYjFzofPvoUywaMLMZsn26tNfz+wtu3vn+xC6VmZfgJ+Hy5q8VqBxC6MiuWt4HH75nMiEHZOciJOt4v53bRoweJuM7oECIZ7H/laCigQafoVGyy9pBP8C3JgJrI1Nc2q9LGQ5CvS2av7C/KR/u2rKsc0w8GwW
  4. YA5i7pmqsqZUU2GlutCngd5Aaytmg0k6XSRbLnWCYhPqtLXjbRWqZ6MHsqxvekmVHM2tuAFMxf+GBxiHnmNoNdNTr03+KCn3a49HEcwIimKQq4KkrqBjOGeefQ3wqTFtT0rPjdv4ay9v/fvoUxkJBm5ooadZB68MInhrVA==

Question 4.33

Descriptive statistics in the media: When there is an ad on TV for a body-shaping product (e.g., an abdominal muscle machine), often a person with a wonderful success story is featured in the ad. The statement “Individual results may vary” hints at what kind of data the advertisement may be presenting.

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  2. Yoq4pG5y3ysHJnr1URtqHkaAka96eYtBL8ri2Lc3LSYPCTXq7Y21gXFiC79HXyiuRRpICMzcHu+xB6R9KHBIU4r8wttiIJ96N/1hahybh1EZeSAAssSLzamWjLkAS8pTeC9KgTX0tHpuU6V6uQynKJi7UxXyXD0sWLcIDz+UeTk=

Question 4.34

Range of data for Canadian TV ratings: BBM Canada collects television ratings data (http://www.bbm.ca/_documents/top_30_tv_programs_english/2013/2012-13_05_06_TV_ME_NationalTop30.pdf). The following are the average number of viewers per minute (in thousands) for the top 30 English-language shows for the week ending May 12, 2013. The NHL playoffs are listed at 1198, which indicates that an average of 1,198,000 viewers watched per minute. Big Bang Theory is in the number 1 position, with 2 Broke Girls at number 30.

  1. 37Vs/y8L/MXmmjHxyvSgdxrahvnp4GYyS1zKDlzqEVIODh6H0ZASAKl/L9nHiIQx
  2. LYPGDyk6Pnaz2IM7jt6G8uFEjjvVSA+gOV1jSSSuroLCnXBsh3OnUo3iwDMHz1d66gsRBHXY/xbmlx2T6tW5Vw==
  3. qnrxIzRHrU7z5dQqmviVqp4wSc2bLkjV7BHBg/hih8dw1QZUgIqj9Yz2eubL19pj7dNFoUL4EqQlgw4mkgKeODQAg7EFoWfEr1EaG+Juzg1c37dlNnN/wcxsTcG+g3GsZyOud4nnBQjwRUq/xLdQDnbWjDQsv0mU/Mv7bucDbiZBzfVnRcsGRmnWAQi9FvaG

Question 4.35

Descriptive statistics for data from the National Survey of Student Engagement: The National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) asked U.S. students how many 20-page papers they had been assigned in college. Here are the percentages, reported in 2005, of students who said they had been assigned between 5 and 10 twenty-page papers for a sample of 19 national universities.

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  2. E+7koLCWdLjCgbrUxoxUAhKwEkEbey/DUGJkLG1DE7LtR2Lcl/9ghkjmSReVhfkJQWCvyFTkw1lfVzEOsFCEdqTv0/+qLWDdfcdHsZyGOzNTRQBS7CWiIIynsjNSVqTiBRm/r+kWuKrDNqidvOFwmF7ET33MnTSP+rxhFVYHrl4=
  3. RwAhV/YpBXsx5V85H86pEkd/aYAXczPvB2/u26EDHsKO5YTMFUArPjU/wUjzThlTZQklqg8MKrun4DYWLOOT7Ik5Z5uz4yDXte7FqXfgQV4=
  4. nxfA+FbueoSkk7ZyXrh1S6HkeI6KDeCOLE6wkYL53rHc2WKdjZGTOp5B0Lfuto4K/upwh0MqjK1F9Zsq9aLAHjHPvsOiCkzejdkhwdvPYLcO06sfWEHvYpbNjdrYAaFyQsB5mtO2QfHLa/3E2ZTVPGgRsEYwNe8dNn+DTA==

Question 4.36

Statistics versus parameters: For each of the following situations, state whether the mean would be a statistic or a parameter. Explain your answer.

  1. bLyWkKFSyCWfE2KBUX+6xOmInNqTbpaePp9lwnUsEvwArp2FeyblSxfCdtjp/D17T1mUfpWaQSouPasNS1Xs+Xnz7dQqwpxLu9ka6eVB4NSA6bShDFHJL3gBJNODa+hCj6+vRSxIzIHnCD9jF3PZG5p7r+sQkLLIupjxE/j4bOj7gmQ491g0Lr4KCXO6uMJ3FJQK5MQtaGKB1VRBPji8Dw==
  2. wB97zyurWrsBxntz4txgx8jqadfctzvGAYb0eAfA2cVPJs6uOkw5CKWMSI15hSLEZNrws6OL2Z3/eaOJNVyRkH2Y3TAz2HGVPhDH9aws+SpTmqmagdjHFKNYrzwimgeCYGgNLJMmTAEv+rNINdJ5/iaK5T2i7zP/7ZrCTSzw7qZ2GJ4Gh6ZwZE5L7zdfNJzppkVTSOYC1RLHGNNnPAuFjOyvPShc4mrR3gk4MTtSyqVVNxjUj9uHbQ==
  3. H/bxvTFQGYWA0UqZBdXrRFg68gEIshtetTObBbUvtyIWoTyIJxfEtV6BS5R7yl5+I2JfCoMkav011NwZNIkDZbAtnBrcZWzfOWRq73+5UMpj/pB85Z5+knUMNtX+pbR87bAkWE6MiausIqcclCCK00L1ebJCzEinEJomSKj9/5xJxpHKiikNttPKp9C6okd1LBwdUP/ZCZxwLIl05AQQhIEXgE4ZHqofULfS1FUJFLT9PHDaUx9VmKcsDIZTuTPVpDFlzgrKEtkX0vfBlMnMhWAysJQfIv7yCKKvvDX6YAVG2+jdNPZih/VzBwXe6H9LCSB3wceG8ZNzqqDVGgWXkHUSw1fL941xGDYveTyM6beHt3pzWOZPNRxRbI6nN/+r57vanj6vNGgdYUe6CEQi6uL1I8bvoGIlpeou8PmaKt7+ctkyOovtfuH0w4WndKo5evooaRWyNGpfxd02YYcOdB2PPffny3Ta985/S+NaFEgIxkwC
  4. mu9bW2yocGKGW/8KibhHwdm0fQEvh5ZC4JFeScIZAKd7nFtEzwORF7m/8WlJMCyeaLW3ibCZmW5EoNSLaWxpAarv+0JdkwEZEKn2uEHQyAcXsRc/3MR2lEDQkfUlqxo6RAVEUKU8o/Hla60gpkwcirjq62k3YdL22Ut7XYDUWTVAD414AVpR3KJu+wwF4Jy2H/dTYwvxWW8rky8TD8xJHHRDCNVfsWcF3x9/tLJA6PpBeAUPWpIaJyV9KPBPia0KXbYXrHA9m9wH6XxbYReMsheRel/W+2HVF/+WXrmk06s4ZuwevDyVTltMKgL65pb44BagDX0gLk4c6KHFZatX3FnjhNUB1Nr7znwohVSjKs4Isq9wjQNalI+IVcmUUoEgT94jvWxHMa2gmpFzm3rvZkD+HkaOS0pN+xlKP4SXZd1FtsZfgm68IA==

Question 4.37

Central tendency and the shapes of distributions: Consider the many possible distributions of grades on a quiz in a statistics class; imagine that the grades could range from 0 to 100. For each of the following situations, give a hypothetical mean and median (that is, make up a mean and a median that might occur with a distribution that has this shape). Explain your answer.

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  2. CCZT+57jo3kEkr4ld1HXyXKB9BgWfMvjNZc+cY3v6Sz2fQDnSvJuBTuS2scjgwwW
  3. wqu5E89IyP36ZMvHZO/Iil3VVMhGgm/1G3Ca23jHDAVZot2zd32XJXASsO7WICq1

Question 4.38

Shapes of distributions: For each of the following, state whether the distribution is more likely to be unimodal or bimodal. Explain your answer.

  1. mT62e4VnNdZaO1Uh35yeBGQMGuS3GVY7mH4Yr+bmzGLfGYE4J5qOq3w2lqC291f39eCGPqtI0q68XpbM
  2. U6yjlpNKJkQxv89wTgk1CygosydAiDVF/S2MWDfl8EW7lHTmiVwuyzSor4IHqE32tc8NbRx5I59srypl+EhuB/PA8x+PUpfixG9aYpNfJH/5hPHSyhQsBw==
  3. L8gPzJR6iTsc0k2s1U/ffFWaI/poRxsnHb9M8raApBSwmbm/1M0dsxhd+XX9gC/J2E/jI7hvboValaMczeNo3U90DG0+Nbx5
  4. Em3WbLM7FR4wGcZDczChqGK4HamUEeOFaHzubWMpagc8cF9A364mZMt5o7KwpWBZ6EEmDARoHf+EZdAWOVzLgdY8Ns3x7XLd3RKr9urewsIGXhdY2yx3JFPrbPhvR48Bhy0n4WmvWBoEhaD5PhXKQ4jqMiBJoPbXoi4Tzz4fPPTTb9se

Question 4.39

Outliers, Hurricane Sandy, and a rat infestation: In a New York Times article, reporter Cara Buckley described the influx of rats inland from the New York City shoreline following the flooding of Hurricane Sandy (2013). Buckley interviewed pest-control expert Timothy Wong, who noted that rat infestations could lead to citations for buildings that do not address the problem; yet, she reported, violations had decreased across the city in the wake of the hurricane—just 1996 violations versus 2750 for the same time period a year before. Why? Buckley explained: “After Hurricane Sandy, as of Nov. 1, the Health Department said it stopped issuing violations for rodents in Zone A,” the parts of New York City most vulnerable to flooding.

  1. CONXIABXtv+D8EV9cpRic2NbgZ0yEh+a5rc9Hc+48TvGjQtAoZf9Y3y29igP6W0OspJisG21Np0mAhGJB7MpQ/uemJIR4AJIJB8HLYG1/9FGxHlzUiX+tRMTrwfGA2NPDHGtuKEn1h+bQUVeutmwOQqVX+7YgZrU0Kjh1qq6Ix9iLhKpV9zj8hWWWgVVRjsEGNMjKKx+GX6Ji5EdoENgiR+KsE4rjKD9KNwszXUy2BON6mvtnXEE/w==
  2. VfgRnuTVaW6k3VPVtxpzeFzJPa9ZDgIcfX/vctz+nB34suaowFDcF29G9eb/W6c1WzG6VpoBUzX5gW5xgeXWmkWmN73ngS6wtQfXSb7nXbMJ/vldhKDcegexvEFXBVp2d8XzDjLjn9wjGLQVjFDEwt428eQDXxrNQlQ8wg==

Question 4.40

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

Question 4.41

jsC6qQonYXu48rooBdlXugrf5BqnDBijN2P6mzUrKcGR3M8d8dROaRPw9vobnF1L42Afiv3dyUiVo662JiWiFo3yj/6p9zo119W2UJ9B4ICHgprXNRlcqpfFw+RqNiTrVu2SOSJbqlnI7v5fBtlZAFxmEx3r+0cfy0yHCXDA4Fw1KrQoIezgBB5dAgkK3tXqB66wlSlkEw1RNBxdEpO1dXD2olBgT8790mKYuEUgw+q4cm7cC0viu+QxEI4DprGhnJ7uePE/+zS7db3N8u9y4joTrxCAdUgA2yJUQIJvO2zxYYNsNEg4MojJXR0tGKWlnEpxIfX0+b1y7EAn1ad81BCQY2ZmeZjAcpSTl4Q/9zwTlewuZxi+xYWyVzr31KFx/TUQQkZ2sIR9tC4IOrv6KQ/54awj/kMmVBx66r95l1j7p+EoLeSUgisScnhje1eT3IybTTHG0kStN60YapFB6Q0rUOrpOieLPlU40ZBKm1/ZsAR4rWsfqZVXj1iNd6blACWh8RbGsEMRFaVfrtbjU1pigyA=

Question 4.42

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

Question 4.43

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

Question 4.44

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

99

Putting It All Together

Question 4.45

Descriptive statistics and basketball wins: Here are the numbers of wins for the 30 National Basketball Association teams in the 2012–2013 season.

  1. Vk8FYhgZOj+NNiKQ1yaK8cpj6+Wvxbg3wtyi/199zLBe9IiKq5ovw/0kYZzDONkoEjFqVvdjHlfAjxV6zkC+kw==
  2. mbKtWEHOyh0MhAbBIjahsAFAslpwWKIOqDOdYQO5TkM53Djwcj0aRBJB/kxGtns8j4EGn3dTIjQY0X36nvcbIsHH+vWfCjyt
  3. jFs7Z55gPDJ1cXb7mpJbwOCBvNQ56L19e+kuPiNfOvzA5c6Pg2c/asHjR/5lIRMgFSxhRvsASKotrG+92rBHDPu/CmImyoSqBKN1g/5IYHbjO+TPFZkgvQFZ4RkjEhZ6115YRJPfzXGRNv/J7SvmuXWeV35MXdKNeCw73u/mXsGc9EiO9zIBU00xfNM=
  4. HHSXmsm+u+E50JrMckWRWQwn7e5uph8/lQ86Zn1HGJGxQgrduxMyuiqiYQJR8VrqUzrNX8BalDV3P7O4FB63zq9faXIpkH1W6JEZmboG1FHiRm3TtZMt0kS3gVI=
  5. 8VxMLFdipYuRs5xL6DrdeG1gHRBLOGNUqJgZYHJ8HfcsNe0LS0S+vYPoPZG71KsnRMzDtheS0AJeruU8GPaM/mFypQx7+QyEho7U4t4EUOEO21vl7oxhFE8ClGq/D1vQ7EvsBn0SmtCf0tDI/OuPn7lzEtDrZahf6UfpPRjIJfuhNaoPpWxjzy7NrQHCdgThL9dRdxvM3IAnAAi88z4U1tWetdFOaKgUALut2+AHGSzg5h7HflOGIgZgOiRt/+317DWWy0PQUZ5cNWjgi0bKTZSWGur4+NNk8wPrQA7Zczk9MxKwP0UhueVF7somUv5xUG8ouoJmUeAlRm7AfPTZPD9S9JD7UXnYCQiozuB96jhZXt37DExv4QCyud/4JU4mre8w3FWFvJhwzmZvYSglEf0g4nGacV4IBbXr2UOoPlEsZUkPiqHurD0/yf3DUo0aCoHpsHly/d4XVMTy5b0Hxypj6WbNQwk5xAV004uEQ0k4DAFqJOkRhw==
  6. ngXiFLv1sKnapbUkFFKtpL08jhLHuQqQqkC14WlpAwB1Cl8Fr9l+tVukInGzNidJfeSKPZW0HJMtRYgnaVunXEkWR8XSPKyvuSmn8Ddkhdk=

Question 4.46

Central tendency and outliers for data on traffic deaths: Below are estimated numbers of annual road traffic deaths for 12 countries based on 2010 data from the World Health Organization (http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.51310):

Country Number of Deaths
United States 35,490    
Australia 1363    
Canada 2296    
Denmark 258    
Finland 272    
Germany 3830    
Italy 4371    
Japan 6625    
Malaysia 7085    
Portugal 1257    
Spain 2478    
Turkey 8758    
  1. QmbAHcPerfFZzgelJyj5XK4SPn+UNNeTHf2kqGCWWy58IE5DvZ5dmFDUp4qxKCU5WJpaiYqU1q/Bg7JNH1xcs5gmM3t4z7WRnNv4yQ==
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