Question
4.25
/MBAIqdBAmUDUxXg58hgcVIKOH70Y8md1AAunW3Iug2Akh38wp1tAXoOxBPLv0aius9FvZNxA1qrFZPVkazenATDVBBC8886VCu9W6ETJM09yIJdklu5h6eF0HBvJb++eEnU1nMo6fo3if5nD96lRDne3szj31BdzZyxbUb6sj9Gq6GzunBYfXztTeyRvmxHHRlFqgI/P2Mke0BTFZPAsoE++v4769FHMnSkgW4RhzsnAIydBIWDG7ygIBjmkzbv/2Q6dNGavw/cv3qRrp3KFMSn5DnAeVPE24XmauPRuNkx1pkfqKdbx8UPErFyM8VqYMGj6s555paQ7gg0wxgYdPBww3Mbkar0ZwRKhnwQgGjhxyCkKGRX0376Of3Us2/FIJqPTS+Xq4nOpM/lB2NBcqpgYgVIcUCT/fjiG/JkyMbbaUcDTwwFnA==
Question
4.26
mSWVS1+ASK1CNjCM79BIrvCclYvKslhmYkVw79u72Ta/wBZ68GshfMbH3jE/fGCMiqkuOKmGbXKSJufxEM9uEb0SWRl6t0ov11hXKyjnBonYqafYaUOUnCvfHfQkZCqvPUI0DXxSjGCtblRJ0rH2yIi3OeopIPBG6KegjXpAWPPUldI34islkT+ewhj8nXGmKgKDcpa71ILFf4eRPz8YnK4mZx1F4vppkx9ZRoVurr9/EAbTrWt70YbTjlFFjR2/celqE+nrA4vAgfws5tVCB17I9/reP/vgAb7QLeITDp66uLkmvtkBlp2lKTTRvvS8DbQ+Za0ziuicp/dtOV3/ZG8h4j3h1p9vmhIFXBcZEzkvccdZG4LnqA9d78GHtPOevzGfTgbWdeJBAIxfdsyfRGPz56WrtqVk0ausaaqTT6S8v2/fAxm/gcHaMlyH/R/3L31+yUuF4m2iMRQ6tIf7heB8RzdHosbc3H4I/4vkZH26rFcwahdoGV57RasKpPtl8GSWQ8/O4uLQsER98wNZ2xOY4ifnZms9Bx+klNLVCrd+ETGhXfIALNIe4UbJVinCnd/e1v8t8fQIbX1Z44SFvIrg62ziLU5Hqnvq3sY+LTuLJSqaVVDtq7R53aE=
Question
4.27
u69cSGDCpjSbuBRQ66QHw3qsYPNRw2QCiIhsaQNDV7k/DWx7kOARVe+E1hczSW2E9dTBsR8ZJstUXRVEZ458LcVWwjMSHQ3MVyZQ7nAyyRW5WP5Hi4l26jf7Kqr2FhOnTCxNLnQPtUpir7fpUYtd9bYmlu6eywdDADRIbHAGmAb9clsflM/5d521b2mYb53Ch3skFCqGYkTmBef/yKnAysMI0XPQPZxKoX98Cj8mZo6JKbLUt2jIHwyvo7iVjJNDTAgfNkcoyaVlC9cl5SGccxJZLxXIGkYKdN++bxf2ajDUDIVnt7G6p+zoA/YHVg5X0S2K/RV4S77WzQNK6uFeWJLu79UlTshK7/ujnmjxBtv4f825GdUoMJayw1Sy0NBExM/TphWVeosusDcGusXxUNxGowc=
Question
4.28
DOe9TgPK1JHhTyKz5Q++o1BFRCd96+nMB/3AZeSmHMPxeUGadwBUlz/wRFQiIjd+rJm9RDFBD48fIKdt2TasTxa7qfD1zY9yYwAXzCtXh+mHwMMsuhGHMtXUN8lcD26jMk8HAozfShiZh27q+BSkn5R388ufc+w3RdhB+MNj6pWKrrF4Yk9nw+uFaDd9PgGjhs9gSettve7BBcHUu/uaNjiRKbB9Gq7k9JOljLbKU3PFDTW1dVUT1m+rF/405w5OwoGmlOGM/Q33wod9hi1CTQxtpDdGt7neKEtVKGh1BOzCm9rFa/7YpZANgga5H0NehOxfbAMKX7XDCxogp7mT68oPDWTjAcnAw6hxa1wm2VTixzMY
Question
4.29
epXmKF01+4JTUXZEpUs2enIrXc4Y/E2V30qAiU9NY04/Rl7F3pAMJB5jhEWMz02rfswJIT8Y9LDWeWB6ZQJmTc5ikg2HYarU1cwx42sbBOPVgAJ6rlThWj7i+ivhap3IRQ4vxhbJxIEhS8AbC7yVIUHwbMqvMoq6T1AS1CZcCfHQz8n1s+CMCKwvDjNY6So4IrdlMKMxE0PA0NNcawM32PG3CwQ0sb6nRC2z6JqRGb+nVjhZW1vkBHoBr97lcy4apTMcpuBBdcvJfudRL1RRZviJA4cUsqzxY0hR3qNgG2kzx5hFR9BppXhUuhYUNfimU9aX6k2xHFOGBx9vre02HEV4phM6NIYJv0KS6kFfsZcy6Ml6vKWx/0yw5U3ag0/OSQR/vpIamDJVFsdqeR8bZEWZ/0aSQsBo73qvErVmECJUawiQF0czNZXTLO/18RBMVKwx6A==
Question
4.30
Measures of central tendency for measures of baseball performance: Here are winning percentages for 11 baseball players for their best 4-year pitching performances:
- bRWj4XmZxvek1JDVdAZNcKKwiJsICKxEeiEkGn/Wunv8Nd7Xro3AQf0w8TB6DqJkVfsUjA==
- Q8uUObuc5RnOr11hChSUj0yE4OYAiioR31qQ0Jq1Rd0xndxX03I0K1UqbznULQFh4rw1cg==
- gzORAMURdqsT/PJFLkLInub4jMZrBpxXSiWQPW8Wk6QPAeh21z66dkDpEYkK9d7Pyh5fuK/L+7E15h9sgaOg0S+rL+obVP26jKXUbLVvkqsWG94PVYNVy+KCYyQFT+5PzhK/fWShtCq07b8QONSweecp/8NBYQjqSvzbswVL7b8=
Question
4.31
hoEse6f0GTuMnE2r9nz/rbdpHQHQVxDFhfMdN8kvneIGZYhmyOo00fNT718Dc7RSlDHrMWyeJzTYc+9aUMUCdk6B9F0tLIN0yEYnDqCl4Hk3BNQ3d11wm7vP3co/XvyaP0GQOwju5XEn8847c03xetutj7gnbEdyqkqDstK01IX2XQbFGY6uLzcJh//ASMVkDIunE2tNuivnTLSuTXJbR8rwTqPrD4PZA/Q01zu8p9GISb69mUiRqpt3fRi/5lWyfZBW94/NFbPDydskx3Pn+oxUoSWH285AWIsKL5Jpd08U6Ue51uExwTxvvrc+LchPsLahVLye2L0bRfsr4iH0Xdw3htLQ5qCERHVO2V67bFoNK5MJUA3pqelY/PASNmCpnhOMHglqKXfRZnCU9AS/komsUreUqDYfjlQdCiMe+S4Hr4IpUxi1dmfn0CSdvxcWL35RoQq/QzOmOFHdTwxtIA==
Question
4.32
Descriptive statistics in the media: Find an advertisement for an anti-aging product either online or in the print media—the more unbelievable the claims, the better!
- gu0Fw2qgKc6yd1rLdt096PHmqmlyfuVscJr+BZzmWckGjwiKHsDXCWtgSScKExPBv1Rp2Sc67cJ1upQ8a1QLYuY/0FJS2ezdzUhPNVZm6Jb4Oqy1
- 55YnDFRbwtCRlJfd7ZFHnfvoYffTjgDIi45V7SMGFjVeOAl+H+7zwpFMzXGYJkVwnN3YEv9aTh5Mz6R+3ftyKwkvE5S2y9dVsWOPxYCfhl4MNKk13oD9hLMhAg+fGFnG6ADg+Jo3BU9xYTlvnE41+JTY06JjSRNvPkynHYwvqCU8bvcRa/IMhYJHLUB8Fayfx/DqXheX/3HFiXrCqNp4A8gHmlosEAoAQrPuKfgWDS81xC2W9K15rk5ywtx5hHq0lIxZlfx+4lDVwLdejNPv4OR6vRirt1o2
- T9cpbcuuZuf0E1XDoy4WexTH3vkftX9SiBYLZeDOPZmC7PTC3/JaDCDkzuk70rmlVWba6HKeSMLUCiW9KBzlPZHbRxPWLA7etfbg/m/Q5DlApVVdhjAOYjFzofPvoUywaMLMZsn26tNfz+wtu3vn+xC6VmZfgJ+Hy5q8VqBxC6MiuWt4HH75nMiEHZOciJOt4v53bRoweJuM7oECIZ7H/laCigQafoVGyy9pBP8C3JgJrI1Nc2q9LGQ5CvS2av7C/KR/u2rKsc0w8GwW
- YA5i7pmqsqZUU2GlutCngd5Aaytmg0k6XSRbLnWCYhPqtLXjbRWqZ6MHsqxvekmVHM2tuAFMxf+GBxiHnmNoNdNTr03+KCn3a49HEcwIimKQq4KkrqBjOGeefQ3wqTFtT0rPjdv4ay9v/fvoUxkJBm5ooadZB68MInhrVA==
Question
4.33
Descriptive statistics in the media: When there is an ad on TV for a body-shaping product (e.g., an abdominal muscle machine), often a person with a wonderful success story is featured in the ad. The statement “Individual results may vary” hints at what kind of data the advertisement may be presenting.
- 3y5F16XxvmKeg/2uM8PoZSQKulC9Mxch4BZMqX5stsrYjGdLKsa2J/alOMz0j8hFbIxvr7CPYKRf7oFj5FJjzRvmTz8=
- Yoq4pG5y3ysHJnr1URtqHkaAka96eYtBL8ri2Lc3LSYPCTXq7Y21gXFiC79HXyiuRRpICMzcHu+xB6R9KHBIU4r8wttiIJ96N/1hahybh1EZeSAAssSLzamWjLkAS8pTeC9KgTX0tHpuU6V6uQynKJi7UxXyXD0sWLcIDz+UeTk=
Question
4.34
Range of data for Canadian TV ratings: BBM Canada collects television ratings data (http://www.bbm.ca/_documents/top_30_tv_programs_english/2013/2012-13_05_06_TV_ME_NationalTop30.pdf). The following are the average number of viewers per minute (in thousands) for the top 30 English-language shows for the week ending May 12, 2013. The NHL playoffs are listed at 1198, which indicates that an average of 1,198,000 viewers watched per minute. Big Bang Theory is in the number 1 position, with 2 Broke Girls at number 30.
- 37Vs/y8L/MXmmjHxyvSgdxrahvnp4GYyS1zKDlzqEVIODh6H0ZASAKl/L9nHiIQx
- LYPGDyk6Pnaz2IM7jt6G8uFEjjvVSA+gOV1jSSSuroLCnXBsh3OnUo3iwDMHz1d66gsRBHXY/xbmlx2T6tW5Vw==
- qnrxIzRHrU7z5dQqmviVqp4wSc2bLkjV7BHBg/hih8dw1QZUgIqj9Yz2eubL19pj7dNFoUL4EqQlgw4mkgKeODQAg7EFoWfEr1EaG+Juzg1c37dlNnN/wcxsTcG+g3GsZyOud4nnBQjwRUq/xLdQDnbWjDQsv0mU/Mv7bucDbiZBzfVnRcsGRmnWAQi9FvaG
Question
4.35
Descriptive statistics for data from the National Survey of Student Engagement: The National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) asked U.S. students how many 20-page papers they had been assigned in college. Here are the percentages, reported in 2005, of students who said they had been assigned between 5 and 10 twenty-page papers for a sample of 19 national universities.
- U0Km4y9aH80HqlYfh0C+1JquAfB5HsLBR1j6ARMiYkvZ3I4FQcu/jq5hZUGwtvdIgPb49GcmG2KarFHi9Jw+GH5RfGIXcnO3ITWW8Ax7iP0=
- E+7koLCWdLjCgbrUxoxUAhKwEkEbey/DUGJkLG1DE7LtR2Lcl/9ghkjmSReVhfkJQWCvyFTkw1lfVzEOsFCEdqTv0/+qLWDdfcdHsZyGOzNTRQBS7CWiIIynsjNSVqTiBRm/r+kWuKrDNqidvOFwmF7ET33MnTSP+rxhFVYHrl4=
- RwAhV/YpBXsx5V85H86pEkd/aYAXczPvB2/u26EDHsKO5YTMFUArPjU/wUjzThlTZQklqg8MKrun4DYWLOOT7Ik5Z5uz4yDXte7FqXfgQV4=
- nxfA+FbueoSkk7ZyXrh1S6HkeI6KDeCOLE6wkYL53rHc2WKdjZGTOp5B0Lfuto4K/upwh0MqjK1F9Zsq9aLAHjHPvsOiCkzejdkhwdvPYLcO06sfWEHvYpbNjdrYAaFyQsB5mtO2QfHLa/3E2ZTVPGgRsEYwNe8dNn+DTA==
Question
4.36
Statistics versus parameters: For each of the following situations, state whether the mean would be a statistic or a parameter. Explain your answer.
- bLyWkKFSyCWfE2KBUX+6xOmInNqTbpaePp9lwnUsEvwArp2FeyblSxfCdtjp/D17T1mUfpWaQSouPasNS1Xs+Xnz7dQqwpxLu9ka6eVB4NSA6bShDFHJL3gBJNODa+hCj6+vRSxIzIHnCD9jF3PZG5p7r+sQkLLIupjxE/j4bOj7gmQ491g0Lr4KCXO6uMJ3FJQK5MQtaGKB1VRBPji8Dw==
- wB97zyurWrsBxntz4txgx8jqadfctzvGAYb0eAfA2cVPJs6uOkw5CKWMSI15hSLEZNrws6OL2Z3/eaOJNVyRkH2Y3TAz2HGVPhDH9aws+SpTmqmagdjHFKNYrzwimgeCYGgNLJMmTAEv+rNINdJ5/iaK5T2i7zP/7ZrCTSzw7qZ2GJ4Gh6ZwZE5L7zdfNJzppkVTSOYC1RLHGNNnPAuFjOyvPShc4mrR3gk4MTtSyqVVNxjUj9uHbQ==
- H/bxvTFQGYWA0UqZBdXrRFg68gEIshtetTObBbUvtyIWoTyIJxfEtV6BS5R7yl5+I2JfCoMkav011NwZNIkDZbAtnBrcZWzfOWRq73+5UMpj/pB85Z5+knUMNtX+pbR87bAkWE6MiausIqcclCCK00L1ebJCzEinEJomSKj9/5xJxpHKiikNttPKp9C6okd1LBwdUP/ZCZxwLIl05AQQhIEXgE4ZHqofULfS1FUJFLT9PHDaUx9VmKcsDIZTuTPVpDFlzgrKEtkX0vfBlMnMhWAysJQfIv7yCKKvvDX6YAVG2+jdNPZih/VzBwXe6H9LCSB3wceG8ZNzqqDVGgWXkHUSw1fL941xGDYveTyM6beHt3pzWOZPNRxRbI6nN/+r57vanj6vNGgdYUe6CEQi6uL1I8bvoGIlpeou8PmaKt7+ctkyOovtfuH0w4WndKo5evooaRWyNGpfxd02YYcOdB2PPffny3Ta985/S+NaFEgIxkwC
- mu9bW2yocGKGW/8KibhHwdm0fQEvh5ZC4JFeScIZAKd7nFtEzwORF7m/8WlJMCyeaLW3ibCZmW5EoNSLaWxpAarv+0JdkwEZEKn2uEHQyAcXsRc/3MR2lEDQkfUlqxo6RAVEUKU8o/Hla60gpkwcirjq62k3YdL22Ut7XYDUWTVAD414AVpR3KJu+wwF4Jy2H/dTYwvxWW8rky8TD8xJHHRDCNVfsWcF3x9/tLJA6PpBeAUPWpIaJyV9KPBPia0KXbYXrHA9m9wH6XxbYReMsheRel/W+2HVF/+WXrmk06s4ZuwevDyVTltMKgL65pb44BagDX0gLk4c6KHFZatX3FnjhNUB1Nr7znwohVSjKs4Isq9wjQNalI+IVcmUUoEgT94jvWxHMa2gmpFzm3rvZkD+HkaOS0pN+xlKP4SXZd1FtsZfgm68IA==
Question
4.37
Central tendency and the shapes of distributions: Consider the many possible distributions of grades on a quiz in a statistics class; imagine that the grades could range from 0 to 100. For each of the following situations, give a hypothetical mean and median (that is, make up a mean and a median that might occur with a distribution that has this shape). Explain your answer.
- 0D1x7sGzzM5rHs3VpQT0gfaDomO0Vid/DSzH4ntgq5oM/Ohe
- CCZT+57jo3kEkr4ld1HXyXKB9BgWfMvjNZc+cY3v6Sz2fQDnSvJuBTuS2scjgwwW
- wqu5E89IyP36ZMvHZO/Iil3VVMhGgm/1G3Ca23jHDAVZot2zd32XJXASsO7WICq1
Question
4.38
Shapes of distributions: For each of the following, state whether the distribution is more likely to be unimodal or bimodal. Explain your answer.
- mT62e4VnNdZaO1Uh35yeBGQMGuS3GVY7mH4Yr+bmzGLfGYE4J5qOq3w2lqC291f39eCGPqtI0q68XpbM
- U6yjlpNKJkQxv89wTgk1CygosydAiDVF/S2MWDfl8EW7lHTmiVwuyzSor4IHqE32tc8NbRx5I59srypl+EhuB/PA8x+PUpfixG9aYpNfJH/5hPHSyhQsBw==
- L8gPzJR6iTsc0k2s1U/ffFWaI/poRxsnHb9M8raApBSwmbm/1M0dsxhd+XX9gC/J2E/jI7hvboValaMczeNo3U90DG0+Nbx5
- Em3WbLM7FR4wGcZDczChqGK4HamUEeOFaHzubWMpagc8cF9A364mZMt5o7KwpWBZ6EEmDARoHf+EZdAWOVzLgdY8Ns3x7XLd3RKr9urewsIGXhdY2yx3JFPrbPhvR48Bhy0n4WmvWBoEhaD5PhXKQ4jqMiBJoPbXoi4Tzz4fPPTTb9se
Question
4.39
Outliers, Hurricane Sandy, and a rat infestation: In a New York Times article, reporter Cara Buckley described the influx of rats inland from the New York City shoreline following the flooding of Hurricane Sandy (2013). Buckley interviewed pest-control expert Timothy Wong, who noted that rat infestations could lead to citations for buildings that do not address the problem; yet, she reported, violations had decreased across the city in the wake of the hurricane—just 1996 violations versus 2750 for the same time period a year before. Why? Buckley explained: “After Hurricane Sandy, as of Nov. 1, the Health Department said it stopped issuing violations for rodents in Zone A,” the parts of New York City most vulnerable to flooding.
- CONXIABXtv+D8EV9cpRic2NbgZ0yEh+a5rc9Hc+48TvGjQtAoZf9Y3y29igP6W0OspJisG21Np0mAhGJB7MpQ/uemJIR4AJIJB8HLYG1/9FGxHlzUiX+tRMTrwfGA2NPDHGtuKEn1h+bQUVeutmwOQqVX+7YgZrU0Kjh1qq6Ix9iLhKpV9zj8hWWWgVVRjsEGNMjKKx+GX6Ji5EdoENgiR+KsE4rjKD9KNwszXUy2BON6mvtnXEE/w==
- VfgRnuTVaW6k3VPVtxpzeFzJPa9ZDgIcfX/vctz+nB34suaowFDcF29G9eb/W6c1WzG6VpoBUzX5gW5xgeXWmkWmN73ngS6wtQfXSb7nXbMJ/vldhKDcegexvEFXBVp2d8XzDjLjn9wjGLQVjFDEwt428eQDXxrNQlQ8wg==
Question
4.40
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
Question
4.41
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
Question
4.42
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
Question
4.43
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Question
4.44
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