Test yourself repeatedly throughout your studies. This will not only help you figure out what you know and don’t know; the testing itself will help you learn and remember the information more effectively thanks to the testing effect.
Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS) consists of an alarm reaction followed by ________, then ________.
resistance; exhaustion
When faced with stress, women are more likely than men to experience the ________-and-________ response.
tend; befriend
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The number of short-term illnesses and stress-related psychological disorders was higher than usual in the months following an earthquake. Such findings suggest that
b
Which of the following is NOT one of the three main types of stressors?
d
Stress hormones released in response to a signal from the brain suppress ________, the immune cells that ordinarily attack bacteria, viruses, cancer cells, and other foreign substances.
lymphocytes
Research has shown that people are at increased risk for cancer a year or so after experiencing depression, helplessness, or bereavement. In describing this link, researchers are quick to point out that
c
A Chinese proverb warns, “The fire you kindle for your enemy often burns you more than him.” How is this true of Type A individuals?
Type A individuals frequently experience negative emotions (such as anger and depression), during which the sympathetic nervous system diverts blood away from the liver. This leaves fat and cholesterol circulating in the bloodstream for deposit near the heart and other organs, increasing the risk of heart disease and other health problems. Thus, Type A individuals actually harm themselves by directing anger at others.
The components of the Type A personality that have been linked most closely to coronary heart disease are anger and other ________ feelings.
negative
When faced with a situation over which you feel you have no control, it is most effective to use ________(emotion/problem)-focused coping.
emotion
Research has showed that a dog will respond with learned helplessness if it has received repeated shocks and has had
b
When elderly patients take an active part in managing their own care and surroundings, their morale and health tend to improve. Such findings indicate that people do better when they experience an ________ (internal/external) locus of control.
internal
People who have close relationships are less likely to die prematurely than those who do not, supporting the idea that
d
Because it triggers the release of mood-boosting neurotransmitters such as serotonin,________ exercise raises energy levels and helps alleviate depression and anxiety.
aerobic
Research on the faith factor has found that
c
One of the most consistent findings of psychological research is that happy people are also
d
After moving to a new apartment, you find the street noise irritatingly loud, but after a while, it no longer bothers you. This reaction illustrates the
b
A philosopher observed that we cannot escape envy, because there will always be someone more successful, more accomplished, or richer with whom to compare ourselves. In psychology, this observation is embodied in the ________ ________ principle.
relative deprivation
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Answering these questions will help you make these concepts more personally meaningful, and therefore more memorable.
In what ways have you experienced the stress adaptation phases of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion in your life as a student?
Do you think you are Type A, Type B, or somewhere in between? In what ways has this been helpful to you, and in what ways has this been a challenge?
Can you remember a time when you felt better after discussing a problem with a loved one, or even after playing with your pet? How did it help you to cope?
What strategies have you used to cope with stress in your own life? How well are they working? What other strategies could you try?
How much control do you feel you have over your life? What changes could you make to increase your sense of control?
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