Chapter Test

Test yourself repeatedly throughout your studies. This will not only help you figure out what you know and don’t know; the testing itself will help you learn and remember the information more effectively thanks to the testing effect.

Question 13.40

Anna is embarrassed that it takes her several minutes to parallel-park her car. She usually gets out of the car once or twice to inspect her distance both from the curb and from the nearby cars. Should she worry about having a psychological disorder?

No. Anna’s behavior is unusual, causes her distress, and may make her a few minutes late on occasion, but it does not appear to significantly disrupt her ability to function. Like most of us, Anna demonstrates some unusual behaviors that are not disabling or dysfunctional, so they wouldn’t be considered a clinically significant disturbance. Thus, her unusual behavior does not suggest a psychological disorder.

Question 13.41

Although some psychological disorders are culture-bound, others cross cultures. For example, in every known culture some people have

  • a. bulimia nervosa.
  • b. ADHD.
  • c. schizophrenia.
  • d. susto.

c

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Question 13.42

A therapist says that psychological disorders are sicknesses and people with these disorders should be treated as patients in a hospital. This therapist believes in the ____________ model.

medical

Question 13.43

Many psychologists reject the “disorders-as-illness” view and instead contend that other factors may also be involved—for example, the person’s bad habits and poor social skills. This view represents the ____________ approach.

  • a. medical
  • b. evil spirits
  • c. biopsychosocial
  • d. diagnostic labels

c

Question 13.44

Most psychologists and psychiatrists use ____________ to classify psychological disorders.

  • a. DSM descriptions and codes
  • b. in-depth patient histories
  • c. input from patients’ family and friends
  • d. the theories of Pinel, Rosenhan, and others

a

Question 13.45

A feeling of intense dread that can be accompanied by chest pains, choking sensations, or other frightening sensations is called

  • a. a specific phobia.
  • b. a compulsion.
  • c. a panic attack.
  • d. an obsessive fear.

c

Question 13.46

Anxiety that takes the form of a persistent irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation is called a ____________.

phobia

Question 13.47

Marina became consumed with the need to clean the entire house and refused to participate in any other activities. Her family consulted a therapist, who diagnosed her as having ____________- ____________ disorder.

obsessive-compulsive

Question 13.48

The learning perspective proposes that phobias are

  • a. the result of individual genetic makeup.
  • b. a way of repressing unacceptable impulses.
  • c. conditioned fears.
  • d. a symptom of having been abused as a child.

c

Question 13.49

Two disorders have been found to cross cultures. One is schizophrenia, and the other is ____________.

depression

Question 13.50

After continued use of a psychoactive drug, the drug user needs to take larger doses to get the desired effect. This is referred to as ____________.

tolerance

Question 13.51

The depressants include alcohol, barbiturates,

  • a. and opiates.
  • b. cocaine, and morphine.
  • c. caffeine, nicotine, and marijuana.
  • d. and amphetamines.

a

Question 13.52

Why might alcohol make a person more helpful or more aggressive?

Alcohol is a disinhibitor—it makes us more likely to do what we would have done when sober, whether that is being helpful or being aggressive.

Question 13.53

Long-term use of Ecstasy can

  • a. depress sympathetic nervous system activity.
  • b. deplete the brain’s supply of epinephrine.
  • c. deplete the brain’s supply of dopamine.
  • d. damage serotonin-producing neurons.

d

Question 13.54

Near-death experiences are strikingly similar to the hallucinations evoked by ____________.

LSD

Question 13.55

Use of marijuana

  • a. impairs motor coordination, perception, reaction time, and memory.
  • b. inhibits people’s emotions.
  • c. leads to dehydration and overheating.
  • d. stimulates brain cell development.

a

Question 13.56

An important psychological contributor to drug use is

  • a. inflated self-esteem.
  • b. the feeling that life is meaningless and directionless.
  • c. genetic predisposition.
  • d. overprotective parents.

b

Question 13.57

Although bipolar disorder is as maladaptive as depression, it is much less common and it affects

  • a. more women than men.
  • b. more men than women.
  • c. women and men equally.
  • d. primarily scientists and doctors.

c

Question 13.58

The rate of depression is ____________ (increasing/decreasing) among young people.

increasing

Question 13.59

Depression can often be alleviated by drugs that increase supplies of the neurotransmitters ____________ and ____________.

norepinephrine; serotonin

Question 13.60

Psychologists who emphasize the importance of negative perceptions, beliefs, and thoughts in depression are working within the ____________ - ____________ perspective.

social-cognitive

Question 13.61

A person with positive symptoms of schizophrenia is most likely to experience

  • a. tremors.
  • b. delusions.
  • c. withdrawal.
  • d. flat emotion.

b

Question 13.62

People with schizophrenia may hear voices urging self-destruction, an example of a(n) ____________.

hallucination

Question 13.63

Victor exclaimed, “The weather has been so schizophrenic lately: It’s hot one day and freezing the next!” Is this an accurate comparison? Why or why not?

No. Schizophrenia involves the altered perceptions, emotions, and behaviors of a mind split from reality. It does not involve rapid changes in mood or identity, as suggested by this comparison.

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Question 13.64

Chances for recovery from schizophrenia are best when

  • a. onset is sudden, in response to stress.
  • b. deterioration occurs gradually, during childhood.
  • c. no environmental causes can be identified.
  • d. there is a detectable brain abnormality.

a

Question 13.65

Which of the following statements is true of bulimia nervosa?

  • a. People with bulimia continue to want to lose weight even when they are underweight.
  • b. Bulimia is marked by weight fluctuations within or above normal ranges.
  • c. Bulimia patients often come from middle-class families that are competitive, high-achieving, and protective.
  • d. If one twin is diagnosed with bulimia, the chances of the other twin’s sharing the disorder are greater if they are fraternal rather than identical twins.

b

Question 13.66

Dissociative identity disorder is controversial because

  • a. dissociation is actually quite rare.
  • b. it was reported frequently in the 1920s but rarely today.
  • c. it is almost never reported outside North America.
  • d. its symptoms are nearly identical to those of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

c

Question 13.67

A personality disorder, such as antisocial personality, is characterized by

  • a. depression.
  • b. hallucinations.
  • c. enduring and inflexible behavior patterns that impair social functioning.
  • d. an elevated level of autonomic nervous system arousal.

c

Question 13.68

PET scans of murderers’ brains have revealed

  • a. higher-than-normal activation in the frontal lobes.
  • b. lower-than-normal activation in the frontal lobes.
  • c. more frontal lobe tissue than normal.
  • d. no differences in brain structures or activity.

b






Answering these questions will help you make these concepts more personally meaningful, and therefore more memorable.

Question 13.69

Can you recall a fear that you have learned? What role, if any, was played by fear conditioning or by observational learning?

Question 13.70

Psychoactive drugs such as alcohol, heroin, and methamphetamine all bring pleasure followed by discomfort or depression when the substance wears off. Knowing this, what strategies do you think might keep young teens from abusing substances?

Question 13.71

How has student life affected your moods? What advice would you have for new students?

Question 13.72

Can you think of a time when being in a sad mood has actually helped you in some ways? Did you re-evaluate your situation or make new plans for the future?

Question 13.73

Now that you know more about schizophrenia, do you think the media accurately portray the behavior of people with this disorder? Why or why not?

Question 13.74

As his fans already know, comedian and TV personality Howie Mandel suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder and a severe germ phobia. How do you think being labeled has helped or hurt Mandel?

Question 13.75

Dissociative identity disorder is rare, but feeling like a “different person” at times is common. Can you recall ever feeling like a “different person” because of the situation you were in? What was that like?

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