Test yourself repeatedly throughout your studies. This will not only help you figure out what you know and don’t know; the testing itself will help you learn and remember the information more effectively thanks to the testing effect.
A therapist who helps patients search for the unconscious roots of their problem and offers interpretations of their behaviors, feelings, and dreams, is drawing from
a
____________ therapies are designed to help individuals discover the thoughts and feelings that guide their motivation and behavior.
Insight
Compared with psychoanalysis, humanistic therapies are more likely to emphasize
d
A therapist who restates and clarifies the client’s statements is practicing ____________ ____________.
active listening
The goal of behavior therapy is to
c
Behavior therapies often use ____________ techniques such as systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning to encourage clients to produce new responses to old stimuli.
counterconditioning
The technique of _______________ _______________ teaches people to relax in the presence of progressively more anxiety-provoking stimuli.
systematic desensitization
After a near-fatal car accident, Rico developed such an intense fear of driving on the freeway that he takes lengthy alternative routes to work each day. Which psychological therapy might best help Rico overcome his phobia, and why?
Behavior therapies are often the best choice for treating phobias. Viewing Rico’s fear of the freeway as a learned response, a behavior therapist might help Rico learn to replace his anxious response to freeway driving with a relaxation response.
At a treatment center, people who display a desired behavior receive coins that they can later exchange for other rewards. This is an example of a(n) ____________ ____________.
token economy
Cognitive therapy has been especially effective in treating
d
____________-____________ therapy helps people to change their self-defeating ways of thinking and to act out those changes in their daily behavior.
Cognitive-behavioral
In family therapy, the therapist assumes that
b
The most enthusiastic or optimistic view of the effectiveness of psychotherapy comes from
c
Studies show that ____________ therapy is the most effective treatment for most psychological disorders.
d
What are the three components of evidence-based practice?
research evidence, clinical expertise, and knowledge of the patient
How does the placebo effect bias patients’ attitudes about the effectiveness of drug therapies?
The placebo effect is the healing power of belief in a treatment. When patients expect a treatment to be effective, they may believe it was.
Some antipsychotic drugs, used to calm people with schizophrenia, can have unpleasant side effects, most notably
c
Drugs such as Xanax and Ativan, which depress central nervous system activity, can become addictive when used as ongoing treatment. These drugs are referred to as ____________ drugs.
antianxiety
A simple salt that often brings relief to patients suffering the highs and lows of bipolar disorder is ____________.
lithium
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When drug therapies have not been effective, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be used as treatment, largely for people with
b
An approach that seeks to identify and alleviate conditions that put people at high risk for developing psychological disorders is called
d
Answering these questions will help you make these concepts more personally meaningful, and therefore more memorable.
What do you think about psychodynamic and humanistic “talk therapy”? Have you ever found yourself using similar ideas when talking with upset friends or family members?
Critics say that behavior modification techniques, such as those used in token economies, are not humane. Do you agree or disagree? Why?
Have you ever had trouble reaching a goal at school or work because of your own irrational thoughts? How could you challenge these thoughts?
How might you use the general helping principles discussed in this chapter during a conversation with a friend who is having family problems?
What were your impressions of biomedical therapies before reading this chapter? Are any of your views different now? Why or why not?
Which lifestyle changes could you make to improve your resilience and enhance your mental health?
www.worthpublishers.com/myers.