Question 4.24

Females and males are very similar to each other. But one way they differ is that

• a. women are more physically aggressive than men.
• b. men are more democratic than women in their leadership roles.
• c. girls tend to play in small groups, while boys tend to play in large groups.
• d. women are more likely to commit suicide.

c

Question 4.25

The fertilized egg will develop into a boy if it receives a(n) ________ chromosome from its father.

Y

Question 4.26

Primary sex characteristics relate to ________; secondary sex characteristics refer to ________.

• a. ejaculation; menarche
• b. breasts and facial hair; ovaries and testes
• c. emotional maturity; hormone surges
• d. reproductive organs; nonreproductive traits

d

Question 4.27

On average, girls begin puberty at about the age of _______, boys at about the age of _______.

11; 13

Question 4.28

Those born with sexual anatomy that differs from “standard” male or female babies may be considered ______.

intersex

Question 4.29

Gender role refers to our

• a. sense of being male or female.
• b. expectations about the way males and females should behave.
• c. biological sex.
• d. unisex characteristics.

b

Question 4.30

When children have developed a _______ ______, they have a sense of being male or female.

gender identity

Question 4.31

A striking effect of hormonal changes on human sexual behavior is the

• a. end of sexual desire in men over 60.
• b. sharp rise in sexual interest at puberty.
• c. decrease in women’s sexual desire at the time of ovulation.
• d. increase in testosterone levels in castrated males.

b

Question 4.32

In describing the sexual response cycle, Masters and Johnson noted that

• a. a plateau phase follows orgasm.
• b. men experience a refractory period during which they cannot experience orgasm.
• c. the feeling that accompanies orgasm is stronger in men than in women.
• d. testosterone is released equally in women and men.

b

Question 4.33

What is the difference between sexual dysfunctions and paraphilias?

Sexual dysfunctions are problems that men and women may have related to sexual arousal and sexual function. Paraphilias are conditions, which may be classified as psychological disorders, where sexual arousal is associated with socially unacceptable target partners and/or suffering of self or others.

131

Question 4.34

The use of condoms during sex ______(does/doesn’t) reduce the risk of getting HIV and ______(does/doesn’t) fully protect against skin-to-skin STIs.

does; doesn’t

Question 4.35

An example of an external stimulus that might influence sexual behavior is

• a. blood level of testosterone.
• b. the onset of puberty.
• c. a sexually explicit film.
• d. an erotic fantasy or dream.

c

Question 4.36

Factors contributing to unplanned teen pregnancies include

• a. low levels of testosterone during adolescence.
• b. higher intelligence level.
• c. too much communication.
• d. alcohol use.

d

Question 4.37

Which factors have researchers thus far found to be unrelated to the development of our sexual orientation?

Researchers have found no evidence that any environmental factor (parental relationships, childhood experiences, peer relationships, or dating experiences) influences the development of our sexual orientation.

Question 4.38

Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to focus on

• a. how we differ from one another.
• b. the social consequences of sexual behaviors.
• c. natural selection of the fittest adaptations.
• d. cultural expectations about the “right” ways for men and women to behave.

c

Question 4.39

How gender-typed are you? What has influenced your feelings of masculinity or femininity?

Question 4.40

What do you think would be an effective strategy for reducing teen pregnancy?

Question 4.41

Especially among younger people, there is increasing acceptance of homosexual orientation. Yet some disapproval of same-sex relationships persists in the population at large. Why do you think this is the case?

Question 4.42

How has reading about the causes of sexual orientation influenced your views?

Question 4.43

What do you think about the evolutionary perspective on sexual behavior? To what extent do you think genetics affects our sexual behavior?