Table : TABLE 11.2 Behavior in the Presence of Others
PhenomenonSocial contextPsychological effect of others’ presenceBehavioral effect
Social facilitationIndividual being observedIncreased arousalAmplified dominant behavior, such as doing better what one does well (or doing worse what is difficult)
Social loafingGroup projectsReduced feelings of responsibility when not individually accountableDecreased effort
DeindividuationGroup setting that increases arousal and anonymityReduced self-awarenessLowered self-restraint
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