Table : TABLE 12.5 Value Contrasts Between Individualism and Collectivism
ConceptIndividualismCollectivism
SelfIndependent (identity from individual traits) Interdependent (identity from belonging to groups)
Life taskDiscover and express your own uniquenessMaintain connections, fit in, perform your role
What mattersMe—personal achievement and fulfillment; rights and liberties; self-esteemUs—group goals and solidarity; social responsibilities and relationships; family duty
Coping methodChange realityAdjust to reality
MoralityDefined by the individual (self-based) Defined by social networks (duty-based)
RelationshipsMany, often temporary or casual; confrontation is acceptableFew, close and enduring; harmony is valued
Attributing behaviorBehavior reflects the individual’s personality and attitudesBehavior reflects social norms and roles

Sources: Information from Thomas Schoeneman (1994) and Harry Triandis (1994).