| Classical Conditioning | Operant Conditioning | |
|---|---|---|
| Biological influences | Biological tendencies limit the types of stimuli and responses that can easily be associated. Involuntary, automatic. | Animals most easily learn behaviors similar to their natural behaviors; associations that are not naturally adaptive are not easily learned. |
| Cognitive influences | Thoughts, perceptions, and expectations can weaken the association between the CS and the US. | Animals may develop an expectation that a response will be reinforced or punished; latent learning may occur without reinforcement. |