| Theory | Summary | Strengths | Other Considerations |
|---|
| Spearman’s general intelligence (g) | A basic intelligence predicts our abilities in many different academic areas. | Different abilities, such as verbal and spatial, do have some tendency to correlate. | Human abilities are too varied to be presented as a single general intelligence factor. |
| Gardner’s multiple intelligences | Our abilities are best classified into eight or nine independent intelligences, which include a broad range of skills beyond traditional school smarts. | Intelligence is more than just verbal and mathematical skills. Other equally important abilities help us adapt. | Should all abilities be considered intelligences? Shouldn’t some be called less vital talents? |
| Sternberg’s triarchic theory | Our intelligence is best classified into three areas that predict real-world success: analytical, creative, and practical. | These three areas cover the different aptitudes we call intelligence. | These three areas may be less independent than Sternberg thought and may actually share an underlying g factor. |
| Emotional intelligence | Social intelligence contributes to life success. Emotional intelligence is a key aspect, consisting of perceiving, understanding, managing, and using emotions. | The four components that predict social success. | Does this stretch the concept of intelligence too far? |