Test yourself repeatedly throughout your studies. This will not only help you figure out what you know and don’t know; the testing itself will help you learn and remember the information more effectively thanks to the testing effect.
1. If we encounter a person who appears to be high on drugs, and we make the fundamental attribution error, we will probably attribute the person’s behavior to
moral weakness or an addictive personality.
peer pressure.
the easy availability of drugs on city streets.
society’s acceptance of drug use.
a
2. We tend to agree to a larger request more readily if we have already agreed to a small request. This tendency is called the _____ - ___ - ____ - _____ phenomenon.
foot-
3. Jamal’s therapist has suggested that Jamal should “act as if” he is confident, even though he feels insecure and shy. Which social psychological theory would best support this suggestion, and what might the therapist be hoping to achieve?
Cognitive dissonance theory best supports this suggestion. If Jamal acts confident, his behavior will contradict his negative self-
4. Researchers have found that a person is most likely to conform to a group if
the group members have diverse opinions.
the person feels competent and secure.
the person admires the group’s status.
no one else will observe the person’s behavior.
c
5. In Milgram’s experiments, the rate of obedience was highest when
the “learner” was at a distance from the “teacher.”
the “learner” was near the “teacher.”
other “teachers” refused to go along with the experimenter.
the “teacher” disliked the “learner.”
a
6. Dr. Huang, a popular music professor, delivers fascinating lectures on music history but gets nervous and makes mistakes when describing exam statistics in front of the class. Why does his performance vary by task?
The presence of a large audience generates arousal and strengthens Dr. Huang’s most likely response: enhanced performance on a task he has mastered (teaching music history) and impaired performance on a task he finds difficult (statistics).
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7. In a group situation that fosters arousal and anonymity, a person sometimes loses self-
deindividuation
8. Sharing our opinions with like-
group polarization
9. Prejudice toward a group involves negative feelings, a tendency to discriminate, and overly generalized beliefs referred to as ____.
stereotypes
10. If several well-
blame the victim.
overgeneralize from vivid, memorable cases.
view the world as just.
rationalize inequality.
b
11. The other-
more
12. Evidence of a biochemical influence on aggression is the finding that
aggressive behavior varies widely from culture to culture.
animals can be bred for aggressiveness.
stimulation of an area of the brain’s limbic system produces aggressive behavior.
a higher-
d
13. When those who feel frustrated become angry and aggressive, this is referred to as the ____- ____ ____.
frustration-
14. Studies show that parents of delinquent young people tend to use beatings to enforce discipline. This suggests that aggression can be
learned through direct rewards.
triggered by exposure to violent media.
learned through observation of aggressive models.
caused by hormone changes at puberty.
c
15. Social scientists studying the effects of pornography have mostly agreed that violent pornography
has little effect on most viewers.
is the primary cause of reported and unreported rapes.
leads viewers to be more accepting of coercion in sexual relations.
has no effect, other than short-
c
16. The more familiar a stimulus becomes, the more we tend to like it. This exemplifies the _____ _____ effect.
mere exposure
17. A happy couple celebrating their 50th wedding anniversary is likely to experience deep _____ love, even though their _____ love has probably decreased over the years.
companionate; passionate
18. After vigorous exercise, you meet an attractive person, and you are suddenly seized by romantic feelings for that person. This response supports the two-
a reward.
proximity.
companionate love.
our interpretation of that arousal.
d
19. Due to the bystander effect, a particular bystander is less likely to give aid if
the victim is similar to the bystander in appearance.
no one else is present.
other people are present.
the incident occurs in a deserted or rural area.
c
20. Our enemies often have many of the same negative impressions of us as we have of them. This exemplifies the concept of _____ - _____ perceptions.
mirror-
21. One way of resolving conflicts and fostering cooperation is by giving rival groups shared goals that help them override their differences. These are called _____ goals.
superordinate
Find answers to these questions in Appendix E, in the back of the book.