Chapter 14 Test

440

Test yourself repeatedly throughout your studies. This will not only help you figure out what you know and don’t know; the testing itself will help you learn and remember the information more effectively thanks to the testing effect.

Question 14.33

1. A therapist who helps patients search for the unconscious roots of their problem and offers interpretations of their behaviors, feelings, and dreams, is drawing from

  1. psychoanalysis.

  2. humanistic therapies.

  3. person-centered therapy.

  4. behavior therapy.

a

Question 14.34

2. _______ therapies are designed to help individuals discover the thoughts and feelings that guide their motivation and behavior.

Insight

Question 14.35

3. Compared with psychoanalysis, humanistic therapies are more likely to emphasize

  1. hidden or repressed feelings.

  2. childhood experiences.

  3. psychological disorders.

  4. self-fulfillment and growth.

d

Question 14.36

4. A therapist who restates and clarifies the client’s statements is practicing _______ _______.

active listening

Question 14.37

5. The goal of behavior therapy is to

  1. identify and treat the underlying causes of the problem.

  2. improve learning and insight.

  3. eliminate the unwanted behavior.

  4. improve communication and social sensitivity.

c

Question 14.38

6. Behavior therapies often use _______ techniques such as systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning to encourage clients to produce new responses to old stimuli.

counterconditioning

Question 14.39

7. The technique of _______ _______ teaches people to relax in the presence of progressively more anxiety-provoking stimuli.

systematic desensitization

Question 14.40

8. After a near-fatal car accident, Rico developed such an intense fear of driving on the freeway that he takes lengthy alternative routes to work each day. Which psychological therapy might best help Rico overcome his phobia, and why?

Behavior therapies are often the best choice for treating phobias. Viewing Rico’s fear of the freeway as a learned response, a behavior therapist might help Rico learn to replace his anxious response to freeway driving with a relaxation response.

Question 14.41

9. At a treatment center, people who display a desired behavior receive coins that they can later exchange for other rewards. This is an example of a(n) _______ _______.

token economy

Question 14.42

10. Cognitive therapy has been especially effective in treating

  1. nail biting.

  2. phobias.

  3. alcohol use disorder.

  4. depression.

d

Question 14.43

11. _______-_______ therapy helps people to change their self-defeating ways of thinking and to act out those changes in their daily behavior.

Cognitive-behavioral

Question 14.44

12. In family therapy, the therapist assumes that

  1. only one family member needs to change.

  2. each person’s actions trigger reactions from other family members.

  3. dysfunctional family behaviors are based largely on genetic factors.

  4. therapy is most effective when clients are treated apart from the family unit.

b

Question 14.45

13. The most enthusiastic or optimistic view of the effectiveness of psychotherapy comes from

  1. outcome research.

  2. randomized clinical trials.

  3. reports of clinicians and clients.

  4. a government study of treatment for depression.

c

Question 14.46

14. Studies show that _______ therapy is the most effective treatment for most psychological disorders.

  1. behavior

  2. humanistic

  3. psychodynamic

  4. no one type of

d

Question 14.47

15. What are the three components of evidence-based practice?

research evidence, clinical expertise, and knowledge of the patient

Question 14.48

16. How does the placebo effect bias patients’ attitudes about the effectiveness of drug therapies?

The placebo effect is the healing power of belief in a treatment. When patients expect a treatment to be effective, they may believe it was.

Question 14.49

17. Some antipsychotic drugs, used to calm people with schizophrenia, can have unpleasant side effects, including

  1. hyperactivity.

  2. convulsions and momentary memory loss.

  3. sluggishness, tremors, and twitches.

  4. paranoia.

c

Question 14.50

18. Drugs such as Xanax and Ativan, which depress central nervous system activity, can become addictive when used as ongoing treatment. These drugs are referred to as _______ drugs.

antianxiety

Question 14.51

19. A simple salt that often brings relief to patients suffering the highs and lows of bipolar disorder is _______.

lithium

441

Question 14.52

20. When drug therapies have not been effective, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be used as treatment, largely for people with

  1. severe obsessive-compulsive disorder.

  2. severe depression.

  3. schizophrenia.

  4. anxiety disorders.

b

Question 14.53

21. An approach that seeks to identify and alleviate conditions that put people at high risk for developing psychological disorders is called

  1. deep brain stimulation.

  2. the mood-stabilizing perspective.

  3. natural recovery.

  4. preventive mental health.

d

Find answers to these questions in Appendix E, in the back of the book.