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Vice President, Social Sciences: Charles Linsmeier

Executive Editor: Carlise Stembridge

Development Editors: Christine Brune, Nancy Fleming, Trish Morgan, Danielle Slevens

Sponsoring Editor, High School: Janie Pierce-Bratcher

Assistant Editor: Katie Pachnos

Marketing Manager: Julie Rupert

Marketing Assistant: Matthew Weaver

Executive Media Editor: Noel Hohnstine

Media Editors: Laura Burden, Kimberly Morté

Media Editorial Assistant: Nik Toner

Supplements Editor: Betty Probert

Director, Content Management Enhancement: Tracey Kuehn

Managing Editor, Sciences and Social Sciences: Lisa Kinne

Project Editor: Won McIntosh

Director of Digital Production: Keri deManigold

Senior Media Producer: Chris Efstratiou

Media Producer: Eve Conte

Senior Production Supervisor: Sarah Segal

Senior Photo Editor: Robin Fadool

Photo Research Assistant: Candice Cheesman

Director of Design, Content Management: Diana Blume

Interior and Cover Design: Blake Logan

Cover Illustration: Evelyn Pence

Interior Illustrations: Shawn Barber, Keith Kasnot, Matthew McAdams, Evelyn Pence, Don Stewart

Art Manager: Matthew McAdams

Composition: MPS Limited

Printing and Binding: LSC Communications

Cover Photo: caracterdesign/Vetta/Getty Images

Chapter Opener Photo Credits for Contents: FilippoBacci/Getty Images; Cultura/Getty Images; DigitalVision/Getty Images; Blend Images/Getty Images; Adam Hester/Blend Images/Getty Images; E+/Getty Images; Caiaimage/Sam Edwards/OJO+/Getty Images; Blend Images/Getty Images; © Hero Images/Getty Images; Tetra Images/Getty Images; Taxi/Getty Images; Rex Features/AP Images; Delphine Le Berre/Moment Select/Getty Images; Ryan McVay/Stone/Getty Images

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016945699

ISBN-13: 978-1-319-10103-9

ISBN-10: 1-319-10103-8

Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2012, 2009 by Worth Publishers

All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

First printing

David Myers’ royalties from the sale of this book are assigned to the David and Carol Myers Foundation, which exists to receive and distribute funds to other charitable organizations.

BFW/Worth Publishers

One New York Plaza, Suite 4500

New York, NY 10004-1562

highschool.bfwpub.com

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[DM] In memory of Janet Gallaher Myers, 1939–2016, with gratitude for her love and joy.

[ND] For Nichole DeWall, my loving sister who taught me how to read, how to laugh, and how to believe in myself.

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DAVID MYERS received his B.A. in chemistry from Whitworth University, and his psychology Ph.D. from the University of Iowa. He has spent his career at Hope College in Michigan, where he has taught dozens of introductory psychology sections. Hope College students have invited him to be their commencement speaker and voted him “outstanding professor.”

His research and writings have been recognized by the Gordon Allport Intergroup Relations Prize, by a 2010 Honored Scientist award from the Federation of Associations in Behavioral & Brain Sciences, by a 2010 Award for Service on Behalf of Personality and Social Psychology, by a 2013 Presidential Citation from APA Division 2, by his 2015 election as an American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellow, and by three honorary doctorates.

With support from National Science Foundation grants, Myers’ scientific articles have appeared in three dozen scientific periodicals, including Science, American Scientist, Psychological Science, and the American Psychologist. In addition to his scholarly writing and his textbooks for introductory and social psychology, he also digests psychological science for the general public. His writings have appeared in four dozen magazines, from Today’s Education to Scientific American. He also has authored five general audience books, including The Pursuit of Happiness and Intuition: Its Powers and Perils.

David Myers has chaired his city’s Human Relations Commission, helped found a thriving assistance center for families in poverty, and spoken to hundreds of college, community, and professional groups worldwide.

Drawing on his experience, he also has written articles and a book (A Quiet World) about hearing loss, and he is advocating a transformation in American assistive listening technology (see HearingLoop.org). For his leadership, he received an American Academy of Audiology Presidential Award in 2011, and the Hearing Loss Association of America Walter T. Ridder Award in 2012.

David and Carol Myers have raised two sons and a daughter, and have one granddaughter.

NATHAN DEWALL is professor of psychology and director of the Social Psychology Lab at the University of Kentucky. He received his bachelor’s degree from St. Olaf College, a master’s degree in social science from the University of Chicago, and a master’s degree and Ph.D. in social psychology from Florida State University. DeWall received the College of Arts and Sciences Outstanding Teaching Award, which recognizes excellence in undergraduate and graduate teaching. The Association for Psychological Science identified DeWall as a “Rising Star” for “making significant contributions to the field of psychological science.”

DeWall conducts research on close relationships, self-control, and aggression. With funding from the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation, he has published over 180 scientific articles and chapters. DeWall’s research awards include the SAGE Young Scholars Award from the Foundation for Personality and Social Psychology, the Young Investigator Award from the International Society for Research on Aggression, and the Early Career Award from the International Society for Self and Identity. His research has been covered by numerous media outlets, including Good Morning America, the Wall Street Journal, Newsweek, Atlantic Monthly, the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, the Harvard Business Review, USA Today, and National Public Radio. He has lectured nationally and internationally, including in Hong Kong, China, the Netherlands, England, Greece, Hungary, Sweden, and Australia.

Nathan is happily married to Alice DeWall and is the proud father of Beverly “Bevy” DeWall. He enjoys playing with his two golden retrievers, Finnegan and Atticus. In his spare time, he writes novels, watches sports, tends his chickens and goats, and runs and runs and runs. He has braved all climates—from freezing to ferocious heat—to complete over 1000 miles’ worth of ultramarathons, including the Vol State 500K in 2016.