Chapter 17. Chapter 17: Plant Structure and Nutrient Transport
Review & Rehearse
Review & Rehearse
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You must read each slide, and complete any questions on the slide, in sequence.
Instructions
Review the visual summaries and answer the essay questions below.
Make sure to enter a brief response that completely answers each question and explains your reasoning. When you click "Submit," you will be provided instant feedback, allowing you to check if your response is correct.
(This activity contains 14 total essay questions. Each new question will be revealed once you complete the preceding question.)
Question 17.1
The three distinct parts of a vascular plant are leaves, stems, and roots. Leaves are the plant’s photosynthetic structures that absorb light; they are attached to the stem of a plant. Stems are plant support structures that serve as conduits for food, water, and nutrients. Roots absorb nutrients and moisture, anchor the plant in the soil, and provide support for the stem.
Question 17.2
In monocots, the vascular tissue, which transports nutrients, is arranged in many randomly scattered bundles in the interior of the stem, so the shallow cut caused by the wire would not damage all of the vascular tissue. In eudicots, the vascular tissue is arranged in a ring just under the stem surface, and the cut might damage all of this tissue.
Question 17.3
Vascular tissue in plants functions much like a circulatory system in vertebrates; however, plants have no heart-like structure that pumps water and nutrients around the plant body.
Question 17.4
When the parenchyma cells of the ground tissue of a root store starch—a form of energy that the plant can use later—the ground tissue increases in size and the root becomes enlarged and fleshy. Sweet potatoes, carrots, and radishes are examples of starch-filled roots.
Question 17.5
EVYxg0X5C/dLq0KuLUFqYG4yqiYq0XfGtXu739MDXWcMhQMnIs+YNNC7LR8ITFexADw05u9HzV9dCx8FOFUPHxeqFZhpYdB3xAeEIT0NIISqwAPwmrE1oS9E4bIlB7ASzvhbctQVpoCBwgR9JiND/9Kct5EM95xK/M2Gac+cfISUzkcYTcjBdA==Both types of meristems are made up of undifferentiated cells that eventually differentiate into epidermis, vascular tissue, or ground tissue. Growth at lateral meristems causes the plant part to become thicker. Growth at apical meristems causes the plant part to increase in height or length.
Question 17.6
Leaves are thin so that they can effectively capture sunlight. If leaves were more than a few cell layers thick, cells in the middle or near the lower surface of the leaf would not get enough sunlight for photosynthesis.
Question 17.7
n6eKhUGkHxu/0J0VEb8MjX5TJ5dIrY34a/CGJhT8hVxOIwpE5vA9Q6+WmiRgdHefWK15FH8RAi7BYbLF2sBWlDzLdwxRo3oM56l8vXh4FHOblZwl(a) The cuticle has a waxy coating that seals in water. (b) Leaf hairs on the surface reduce the temperature inside the leaf, decreasing evaporation. (c) Guard cells can close the stomata to prevent water loss.
Question 17.8
Soil contains the minerals essential for plant growth and metabolism (primarily nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sulfur, and calcium).
Question 17.9
Earthworms pass soil through their guts as they feed on organic matter in the soil, break down organic molecules, and excrete the products, thus increasing the amount of nitrogen available for plants.
Question 17.10
Nitrogen is often the limiting nutrient for plant growth, so adding nitrogen to the soil increases plant growth. Plants need nitrogen to build proteins, and nitrogen is required by nearly all plant cells and tissues.
Question 17.11
Jv4Dd2losajhNixGow9cSg7r0UbVvl1M64cgZn+ccil9J+8G2vKQq9+tcq1BUozMLHvkG5T/DSbNBqOWdw/Om+Bopr0i3urnI090HSo+Dinq92kmpSmFVNfeXhIuMQg5W8vmNg==Carnivorous plants will outcompete non-carnivorous plants in soils that are highly acidic, the type of soils in which nitrogen-fixing bacteria do not thrive. Carnivorous plants can acquire their nitrogen by digesting insects.
Question 17.12
31QJeXsbemtMpR0fkwqW/W40oAl4fqaVo7NJvPzKC+NFMSVRmSn+XDWDztaxflKjA0cf6bDG3Mtig5MnrL4Urrbpuhc2bmCcFungi (which have a large absorptive surface area) grow around and into plant roots and thus increase a plant’s access to water and minerals; the fungi benefit by gaining access to energy and nutrients from the plant.
Question 17.13
The cohesion between water molecules causes them to be pulled up through the plant, from the roots to the leaves, as water evaporates from the leaves. The height of trees is limited by the collective strength of the hydrogen bonds that cause the water molecules to stick together. Water can be pulled up to a height of approximately 400 feet, at the most.
Question 17.14
10xtS0H8LZ8v6ymx4fCwQYFOnUT507CK4XvC4xKBYL0+7IkqsfLOMhdz3PFc72/qPUhCtffFHW0iDVajwD/X3M3eNCBxYVSeWBqIzx5RzRwszBN2HFkCt6DTIVUsISQ/mIIVyQ5VOtQ=Phloem delivers food to plant tissues. It transports sugars produced in the leaves throughout the plant body to where they are needed or can be stored.
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