Chapter 19. Chapter 19: Plants Respond to Their Environments

Review & Rehearse

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You must read each slide, and complete any questions on the slide, in sequence.

Instructions

Review the visual summaries and answer the essay questions below.

Make sure to enter a brief response that completely answers each question and explains your reasoning. When you click "Submit," you will be provided instant feedback, allowing you to check if your response is correct.

(This activity contains 11 total essay questions. Each new question will be revealed once you complete the preceding question.)

Question 19.1

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Plants have both physical and chemical defenses to ward off predation. Physical defenses include thorns, spines, and hairs. Chemical defenses include various toxins that make a plant distasteful or poisonous to predators.

Question 19.2

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Plants growing in cold and windy environments are likely to grow close to the ground and have small leaves.

Question 19.3

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Ethylene increases the rate at which fruit ripens.

Question 19.4

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Gibberellins are like “miracle grow” chemicals. They stimulate both cell division and cell elongation to cause rapid plant growth.

Question 19.5

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The shoot tip would bend away from the side where the auxin was applied. The auxin would stimulate growth of the shoot tip cells on the side where it was applied, thus causing the bending.

Question 19.6

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Ethylene has a role in the ripening of fruit. Fruit can be transported while still green, then ripened just before marketing. For example, ethylene can be applied to a large container of green bananas so that they ripen simultaneously and in conjunction with their arrival at grocery stores.

Question 19.7

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Plants grow toward or away from various environmental stimuli. These growth patterns are called tropisms. Thigmotropism is a growth pattern in which climbing plants wrap around structures so that they have support to grow upward. The plants produce tendrils that wrap around whatever they touch. The wrapping is caused by uneven growth in the shoot tips.

Question 19.8

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When flowers close at night, this can protect them from thieving of nectar by bats or moths, and leaves close to protect the plant from low nighttime temperatures.

Question 19.9

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Temperature and rainfall amounts are not reliable markers of the seasons, as they can vary a lot from, say, one summer to the next. The number of hours of daylight or of darkness is a much better indicator of season.

Question 19.10

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In a short-day plant, a short burst of light that interrupts the dark period will inhibit flower production.

Question 19.11

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Poinsettias are short-day plants and require extended, uninterrupted periods of darkness in order to form flowers. The conditions inside a home may not offer enough continuous darkness for blossoming.

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