Chapter 26. 26·5–26·10 Specific immunity develops after exposure to pathogens.

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You must read each slide, and complete any questions on the slide, in sequence.

Instructions

Check your understanding of concepts from 26·5–26·10 Specific immunity develops after exposure to pathogens by answering the following questions.

1.

1. Vaccines are useful because:

they shorten the length of an illness if administered immediately when symptoms appear.

inside your body, they attach to pathogens and facilitate their death.

if you are vaccinated against influenza this year, you won’t get influenza for at least 10 years.

they stimulate the formation of memory cells primed to recognize a particular pathogen.

they can be made so that one vaccination gives you immunity against all bacterial or viral pathogens.

Correct. (See section 26·5 The specific division of the immune system forms a memory of specific pathogens.)

Incorrect. (See section 26·5 The specific division of the immune system forms a memory of specific pathogens.)

2.

2. An antibody molecule is composed of:

two polypeptide chains: one heavy and one light chain.

two polypeptide chains of identical length.

four polypeptide chains of identical length.

four polypeptide chains: two heavy and two light chains.

None of the above correctly describes the composition of an antibody molecule.

Correct. (See section 26·6 The structure of antibodies reflects their function.)

Incorrect. (See section 26·6 The structure of antibodies reflects their function.)

3.

3. Which of the following actively produces and releases antibodies?

plasma cells

macrophage

T cells

memory cells

dendritic cells

Correct. (See section 26·8 Clonal selection helps in fighting infection now and later.)

Incorrect. (See section 26·8 Clonal selection helps in fighting infection now and later.)

4.

4. The role of B cells in the specific immune system is to:

make antigen receptors for use in T cells.

make antibodies that bind to antigens on the pathogen.

stimulate T cell lymphocyte production in the thymus.

produce antigens to which T cells can bind.

engulf rogue cells (like cancer cells), destroying them.

Correct. (See section 26·7 Lymphocytes fight pathogens on two fronts.)

Incorrect. (See section 26·7 Lymphocytes fight pathogens on two fronts.)

5.

5. In the cell-mediated immune response, what is it most likely to happen immediately after a helper T cell is activated?

Apoptosis is initiated in a target cell.

Infected cells die.

Both cytotoxic T cells and B cells increase in number through clonal expansion.

A cytotoxic T cell is signaled by the helper T cell through the production of cytokines.

Proteins are produced that punch holes in a target cell.

Correct. (See section 26·10 Cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells serve different functions.)

Incorrect. (See section 26·10 Cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells serve different functions.)

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