10.4–10.7: Species are the basic units of biodiversity.

Species are distinct biological entities, named using a hierarchical system of classification.

441

Question 10.16

Populations of Larus gulls around the North Pole show an unusual pattern of reproductive isolation: each population is able to interbreed with its neighboring populations, but populations separated by larger geographic distances are not able to interbreed. Larus gulls are an example of a(n) __________ species.

  • a) ring
  • b) polyploid
  • c) circular
  • d) Escher
  • e) linked

Question 10.17

In animals, it is believed that the most common mode of speciation is:

  • a) autopolyploidy.
  • b) chromosomal.
  • c) directional.
  • d) allopatric.
  • e) sympatric.

Question 10.18

Polyploidy:

  • a) arises only when an error in meiosis results in diploid gametes instead of haploid gametes.
  • b) is a common method of sympatric speciation for animals.
  • c) arises when allopatric speciation causes plants to have fewer sets of chromosomes than their parent plants.
  • d) is an increased number of sets of chromosomes.
  • e) always results in allopatric speciation.

Question 10.19

In the plant kingdom, all of the species are descended from a single common ancestor. In terms of phylogeny, what type of tree of life is this?

  • a) monophyletic
  • b) uniphyletic
  • c) punctuated
  • d) sympatric
  • e) allopatric

442