5.6–5.8
5.6–Information in DNA directs the production of the molecules that make up an organism.
Information in the genes is transcribed into the sequences of mRNA molecules. These mRNA sequences are then translated as they direct the construction of proteins.
Q
Genotype is to phenotype as:
- a) cookie is to oven.
- b) cookie is to recipe.
- c) cookbook is to cookie.
- d) recipe is to cookie.
- e) oven is to cookie.
To start the transcription process, a large molecule, _______, recognizes a _______.
- a) RNA polymerase; messenger RNA
- b) DNA polymerase; termination site
- c) DNA polymerase; promoter site
- d) RNA polymerase; promoter site
- e) DNA polymerase; messenger RNA
During transcription, at the point where the DNA strand being copied has an adenine, a(n) _______ is added to the _______.
- a) thymine; tRNA
- b) cytosine; DNA
- c) uracil; DNA
- d) adenine; mRNA
- e) uracil; mRNA
There are different _______ molecules for each of the 20 different amino acids that are used in building proteins.
- a) ribosomal subunit
- b) tRNA
- c) mRNA
- d) DNA
- e) elongation
Deletions and substitutions are two types of mutations. Which type is more likely to cause mistranslations of proteins?
- a) Substitutions, because they shift the reading frame and cause downstream amino acids to be changed.
- b) Substitutions, because one protein is substituted for another protein.
- c) Deletions, because they shift the reading frame and cause downstream amino acids to be changed.
- d) Deletions, because one protein is deleted.
- e) None of the above are correct.
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