Question 10.1

What four general characteristics must the genetic material possess?

Question 10.2

Briefly outline the history of our knowledge of the structure of DNA until the time of Watson and Crick. Which do you think were the principle contributions and developments?

Question 10.3

What experiments demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material?

Question 10.4

What is transformation? How did Avery and his colleagues demonstrate that the transforming principle is DNA?

Question 10.5

How did Hershey and Chase show that DNA is passed to new phages in phage reproduction?

Question 10.6

Why was the discovery of DNA structure so important?

Question 10.7

Draw and identify the three parts of a DNA nucleotide.

Question 10.8

How does an RNA nucleotide differ from a DNA nucleotide?

Question 10.9

How does a purine differ from a pyrimidine? What purines and pyrimidines are found in DNA and RNA?

Question 10.10

Draw a short segment of a single polynucleotide strand, including at least three nucleotides. Indicate the polarity of the strand by identifying the 5′ end and the 3′ end.

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Question 10.11

Which bases are capable of forming hydrogen bonds with each other?

Question 10.12

What different types of chemical bonds are found in DNA and where are they found?

Question 10.13

What are some of the important genetic implications of the DNA structure?

Question 10.14

What are the three major pathways of information flow within the cell?

Question 10.15

What are hairpins and how do they form?

Question 10.16

What is DNA methylation?