mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
chloroplast DNA (cpDNA)
supercoiling
relaxed state of DNA
positive supercoiling
negative supercoiling
topoisomerase
nucleoid
euchromatin
heterochromatin
nonhistone chromosomal protein
nucleosome
linker DNA
polytene chromosome
chromosomal puff
epigenetic change
telomeric sequence
shelterin
C value
C-value paradox
denaturation (melting)
melting temperature (Tm)
renaturation (reannealing)
hybridization
unique-sequence DNA
gene family
repetitive DNA
moderately repetitive DNA
tandem repeat sequence
320
interspersed repeat sequence
short interspersed element (SINE)
long interspersed element (LINE)
highly repetitive DNA
endosymbiotic theory
heteroplasmy
replicative segregation
homoplasmy
D loop