Articles on ethical issues in genetics are preceded by an asterisk.

Allen, G. E. 1978. Thomas Hunt Morgan: The Man and His Science. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

An excellent history of one of the most important biologists of the early twentieth century.

Bartolomei, M. S., and S. M. Tilghman. 1997. Genomic imprinting in mammals. Annual Review of Genetics 31:493–526.

An extensive review of mammalian genes that exhibit genomic imprinting, with information about common features of imprinted genes, the role of methylation in imprinting, and the evolution of genomic imprinting.

Bridges, C. B. 1916. Nondisjunction as proof of the chromosome theory of heredity. Genetics 1:1–52.

One of Bridges’s original papers describing his use of the nondisjunction of X chromosomes to prove the chromosome theory of heredity.

Carrel, L., and H. F. Willard. 2005. X-inactivation profile reveals extensive variability in X-linked gene expression in females. Nature 434:400–404.

Reports on research showing that many genes on the X chromosome are not permanently inactivated.

Constancia, M., M. Hemberger, J. Hughes, et al. 2002. Placental-specific IGF-II is a major modulator of placental and fetal growth. Nature 417:945–948.

Reports that the Igf2 gene, which exhibits genomic imprinting, causes maternal nutrients to be shunted to the fetus.

Dillon, R. T., and A. R. Wethington. 1992. The inheritance of albinism in a freshwater snail, Physa heterostropha. Journal of Heredity 83:208–210.

An article showing that albinism in the freshwater snail Physa heterostropha is due to duplicate recessive epistasis.

Erickson, James W., and J. J. Quintero. 2007. Indirect effects of ploidy suggest X chromosome dose, not the X:A ratio, signals sex in Drosophila. PLoS Biology 5:32, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050332.

Research demonstrating that the X:A ratio does not directly determine sex in Drosophila.

Foster, E. A., M. A. Jobling, P. G. Taylor, et al. 1998. Jefferson fathered slave’s last child. Nature 396:27–28.

Reports on the use of Y-linked markers to establish the paternity of children of Sally Hemings, Thomas Jefferson’s slave.

Gibbs, W. W. 2003. The unseen genome: beyond DNA. Scientific American 289(6): 106–113.

A readable account of epigenetic processes that affect heredity.

Gregg, C., J. Zhang, B. Weissbourd, et al. 2010. High resolution analysis of parent-of-origin allelic expression in the mouse brain. Science 329:643–682.

Research demonstrating that a large number of the genes expressed in the mouse brain exhibit genomic imprinting.

Gurdon, J. B. 2005. Sinistral snails and gentlemen scientists. Cell 123:751–753.

A delightful review and analysis of Boycott’s original research on the genetics of shell coiling in snails.

Kohler, R. E. 1994. Lords of the Fly: Drosophila Genetics and the Experimental Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

A comprehensive history of Drosophila genetics from 1910 to the early 1940s.

Kuroda, R., B. Endo, M. Abe, and M. Shimizu. 2009. Chiral blastomere arrangement dictates zygotic left-right asymmetry pathways in snails. Nature 462:790–794.

Research demonstrating that the direction of coiling in Lymnaea stagnalis can be reversed by pushing on cells of an eight-cell embryo.

Li, E., C. Beard, and R. Jaenisch. 1993. Role for DNA methylation in genomic imprinting. Nature 366:362–365.

Reviews some of the evidence that DNA methylation is implicated in genomic imprinting.

Mank, J. E., D. J. Hosken, and N. Wedell. 2011. Some inconvenient truths about sex chromosome dosage compensation and the potential role of sexual conflict. Evolution 65:2133–2144.

An excellent review of the evolution of dosage compensation.

McClung, C. E. 1902. The accessory chromosome: sex determinant. Biological Bulletin 3:43–84.

McClung’s original description of the X chromosome.

Morgan, T. H. 1910. Sex-limited inheritance in Drosophila. Science 32:120–122.

First description of an X-linked trait.

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Quinn, A. E. et al. 2007. Temperature sex reversal implies sex gene dosage in a reptile. Science 316:411.

Research showing that temperature and genes influence sex determination in the Australian central bearded dragon lizard.

Raj, A., S. A. Rifkin, E. Andersen, and A. van Oudenaarden. 2010. Variability in gene expression underlies incomplete penetrance. Nature 463:913–918.

Research report showing that incomplete penetrance can result from variability in gene expression.

Sekido, R., and R. Lovell-Badge. 2008. Sex determination involves synergistic action of SRY and SF1 on a specific Sox9 enhancer. Nature 453:930–934.

A research report on the molecular effects of the SRY gene.

Shoffner, J. M., and D. C. Wallace. 1992. Mitochondrial genetics: principles and practice [invited editorial]. American Journal of Human Genetics 51:1179–1186.

A discussion of the characteristics of cytoplasmically inherited mitochondrial mutations.

Thomson, G., and M. S. Esposito. 1999. The genetics of complex diseases. Trends in Genetics 15:M17–M20.

A discussion of human multifactorial diseases and the effect of the Human Genome Project on the identification of genes influencing these diseases.

Thorup, T. A., B. Tanyolac, K. D. Livingstone, et al. 2000. Candidate gene analysis of organ pigmentation loci in the Solanaceae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97:11192–11197.

A report on a study looking at the genes that encode pigmentation in peppers.

Uhlenhaut, N. H. et al. 2009. Somatic sex reprogramming of adult ovaries to testes by FOXL2 ablation. Cell 139:1130–1142.

Research report showing that female development must be suppressed in XY male mice.

Wallace, D. C. 1989. Mitochondrial DNA mutations and neuromuscular disease. Trends in Genetics 5:9–13.

More discussion of cytoplasmically inherited mitochondrial mutations.

Wright, A. E., and J. E. Mank. 2012. Battle of the sexes: conflict over dosage compensation genes and the origin of X chromosome inactivation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109:5144–5145.

An excellent brief review of current research on X chromosome inactivation.