1.What is a Mendelian population? How is the gene pool of a Mendelian population usually described?

2.What are the predictions given by the Hardy–Weinberg law?

3.What assumptions must be met for a population to be in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium?

4.Define inbreeding and briefly describe its effects on a population.

5.What determines the allelic frequencies at mutational equilibrium?

6.What factors affect the magnitude of change in allelic frequencies due to migration?

7.Define genetic drift and give three ways in which it can arise. What effect does genetic drift have on a population?

8.What is effective population size? How does it affect the amount of genetic drift?

9.Define natural selection and fitness.

10.Briefly describe the differences between directional selection, overdominance, and underdominance. Describe the effect of each type of selection on the allelic frequencies of a population.

11.Compare and contrast the effects of mutation, migration, genetic drift, and natural selection on genetic variation within populations and on genetic divergence between populations.

12.What are the two steps in the process of evolution?

13.How does anagenesis differ from cladogenesis?

14.What is the biological species concept?

15.What is the difference between prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms?

16.What is the basic difference between allopatric and sympatric modes of speciation?

17.Briefly describe the difference between the distance approach and the parsimony approach to the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees.

18.Outline the different rates of evolution that are typically seen in different parts of a protein-encoding gene. What might account for these differences?

19.What is the molecular clock?

20.What is a gene family? What processes produce gene families?

21.Define horizontal gene transfer. What problems does it cause for evolutionary biologists?