The Role of Genetics in Biology

Although an understanding of genetics is important to all people, it is critical to the student of biology. Genetics provides one of biology’s unifying principles: all organisms use genetic systems that have a number of features in common. Genetics also undergirds the study of many other biological disciplines. Evolution, for example, is genetic change that takes place over time, so the study of evolution requires an understanding of genetics. Developmental biology relies heavily on genetics: tissues and organs develop through the regulated expression of genes (Figure 1.5). Even such fields as taxonomy, ecology, and animal behavior are making increasing use of genetic methods. The study of almost any field of biology or medicine is incomplete without a thorough understanding of genes and genetic methods.

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Figure 1.5: The key to development lies in the regulation of gene expression. This early fruit-fly embryo illustrates the localized expression (indicated by bright green) of the engrailed gene, which helps determine the development of body segments in the adult fly.
[Steven Paddock.]