COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

Section 8.1

Question 1

1.What four general characteristics must the genetic material possess?

Section 8.2

Question 2

2.What is transformation? How did Avery and his colleagues demonstrate that the transforming principle is DNA?

Question 3

3.How did Hershey and Chase show that DNA is passed to new phages in phage reproduction?

Section 8.3

Question 4

4.Draw and identify the three parts of a DNA nucleotide.

Question 5

5.How does an RNA nucleotide differ from a DNA nucleotide?

Question 6

6.Draw a short segment of a single DNA polynucleotide strand, including at least three nucleotides. Indicate the polarity of the strand by identifying the 5′ end and the 3′ end.

Question 7

7.What are some of the important genetic implications of the DNA structure?

Question 8

8.What are the three major pathways of information flow within the cell?

Section 8.4

Question 9

9.How does supercoiling arise? What is the difference between positive and negative supercoiling?

Question 10

10.What functions does supercoiling serve for the cell?

Question 11

11.What are some differences between euchromatin and heterochromatin?

Question 12

12.Describe the composition and structure of the nucleosome.

Question 13

13.Describe in steps how the double helix of DNA, which is 2 nm wide, gives rise to a chromosome that is 700 nm wide.

Question 14

14.What are epigenetic changes?

Section 8.5

Question 15

15.Describe the function and molecular structure of a telomere.

Question 16

16.Describe the different classes of DNA sequence variation that exist in eukaryotes.

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