1. Vickie K. Sullivan, “Public Speaking: The Secret Weapon in Career Development,” USA Today, 133 (May 2005): 24.

2. Graduate Management Admission Council, 2011 Corporate Recruiters’ Survey, http://www.gmac.com/community/media/p/987.aspx.

3. U.S. Census Bureau, Table 398: “Resident Population of Voting Age and Percent Casting Votes—States: 2000 to 2010,” Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012, http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0398.pdf; CIRCLE (The Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning and Engagement), “Youth Voting,” October 2, 2011, http://www.civicyouth.org/quick-facts/youth-voting/; Pew Research Center for the People & the Press, “Who Votes, Who Doesn’t, and Why,” October 18, 2006, http://people-press.org/reports/display.php3?ReportID=292.

4. For a discussion of Daniel Yankelovich’s three-step process by which public judgments occur, see Yankelovich, Coming to Public Judgment (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1991).

5. W. Barnett Pearce, “Toward a National Conversation about Public Issues,” in The Changing Conversation in America: Lectures from the Smithsonian, ed. William F. Eadie and Paul E. Nelson (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2002), 16.

6. Robert Perrin, “The Speaking-Writing Connection: Enhancing the Symbiotic Relationship,” Contemporary Education 65 (1994): 2.

7. David C. Thomas and Kerr Inkson, Cultural Intelligence: People Skills for a Global Business (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2004), 14.

8. Ibid.

9. William Avram, “Public Speaking,” Compton’s Online Encyclopedia, accessed June 10, 2000, www.comptons.com/encyclopedia/.

10. Lloyd F. Bitzer, “The Rhetorical Situation,” Philosophy and Rhetoric (Winter 1968): 1–14.