1. Ron Hoff, I Can See You Naked, rev. ed. (Kansas City: Andrews McMeel, 1992), 41.

2. William Safire, Lend Me Your Ears: Great Speeches in History (New York: W.W. Norton, 1992), 676.

3. Bas Andeweg and Jap de Jong, “May I Have Your Attention? Exordial Techniques in Informative Oral Presentations,” Technical Communication Quarterly 7, no. 3 (Summer 1998): 271–84.

4. Kenneth Burke, A Rhetoric of Motives (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1950).

5. Marvin Runyon, “No One Moves the Mail Like the U.S. Postal Service,” Vital Speeches of the Day 61, no. 2 (November 1, 1994): 52–55.

6. C. A. Kiesler and S. B. Kiesler, “Role of Forewarning in Persuasive Communication,” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 68 (1964): 547–69, cited in James C. McCroskey, An Introduction to Rhetorical Communication, 8th ed. (Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2001), 253.

7. Robert L. Darbelnet, “U.S. Roads and Bridges,” Vital Speeches of the Day 63, no. 12 (April 1, 1997): 379.

8. Andeweg and de Jong, “May I Have Your Attention?” 271.

9. Elpidio Villarreal, “Choosing the Right Path,” speech delivered to the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund Gala in New York City, October 26, 2006, Vital Speeches of the Day 72, no. 26 (2007): 784–86.

10. Hillary Rodham Clinton, “Women’s Rights Are Human Rights,” speech delivered to the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, China, September 5, 1995.