1. Reid Buckley, Strictly Speaking: Reid Buckley’s Indispensable Handbook on Public Speaking (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999), 204.

2. Robert Rivlin and Karen Gravelle, Deciphering the Senses: The Expanding World of Human Perception (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998), 98; see also A. Warfield, “Do You Speak Body Language?” Training & Development 55, no. 4 (2001): 60.

3. Buckley, Strictly Speaking, 209.

4. Albert Mehrabian, Silent Messages (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1981); Mike Allen, Paul L. Witt, and Lawrence R. Wheeless, “The Role of Teacher Immediacy as a Motivational Factor in Student Learning: Using Meta-Analysis to Test a Causal Model,” Communication Education 55, no. 6 (2006): 21–31.

5. J. P. Davidson, “Shaping an Image That Boosts Your Career,” Marketing Communications 13 (1988): 55–56.

6. Carmine Gallo, The Presentation Secrets of Steve Jobs (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009), 181.